Honeycomb patterned polymer

Yabu, H., Jia, R., Matsuo, Y., Ijiro, K., Yamamoto, S., Nishino, E., et al. Preparation of highly oriented nano-pit arrays by thermal shrinking of honeycomb-patterned polymer films. Adv. Mater. 20,4200- 204 (2008)... 

Ishii, D., Yabu, H., Shimomura, M. Selective metal deposition in hydrophobic porous cavities of self-organized honeycomb-patterned polymer films by all-wet electroless plating. Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 313-314, 590-594 (2008)... 

Casting the polymer films from water miscible tetrahydrofuran (THE), as opposed to the chloroform and benzene used in previous studies, reduces the toxicity of the solvent system to cells. Porous polymers with average pore diameters 10, 6, and 3.5 rm have been produced in this manner and the murine osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 was cultured on the materials. When compared to a non-porous PCL control film, the honeycomb patterned polymers were seen to promote the adhesion of cells to the polymer, cell spreading, and proliferation. In addition, gene expression of the bone-specific differentiation markers ALP, collagen type I, OCN, and OPN was... 

In order to produce honeycomb patterned PLA films, additives such as organic surfactants or functional nanoparticles must be added in order to overcome the effects of the high hydrophobicity of PLA. One such example is the use of dendritic amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(L-lysine) and PLLA, synthesised by metal-free ring-opening polymerisation. Culture of the human epithelial HeLa cell line showed a distinct increase in cell density after 72 h of culture, indicating that honeycomb patterned polymers produced from such dendrimers are indeed biocompatible. ... 

Fig. 17. Hierarchical structures fabricated by combination of hexagonally packed silica nanoparticles and the honeycomb patterned polymer substrate [238].

Based on the procedures described in the previous sections, one can obtain nanomechanical maps of a wide variety of polymeric and biological materials, including carbon black (CB)-reinforced natural rubber (NR) [40], carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced NR [41,42], reactive polymer blend [43], block copolymers [9,21,44,45], deformed plastics [46,47], human hair [48,49], honeycomb-patterned polymer films [50-52], CNT-reinforced hydrogel [53], and diffusion front of polymer [54,55]. The detailed descriptions are also found in other literatures [56-59]. Hereafter, several example studies are reviewed. 

Fukuhira Y, Yabu H, Ijiro K, Shimomura M. Interfacial tension governs the formation of self-organized honeycomb-patterned polymer films. Soft Matter 2009 5 2037-41. 

The inscription of SRGs on polymer films also allows for fabricating diffractive optical elements that require intricate surface structxires. For a review of unconventional methods to fabricate and pattern nanostructures, see Xia et Viswanathan et illustrated several such possibilities, such as the honeycomb pattern shown in Figure 14.28, the e -crate-like structure of Figure 14,29, or the beat structure shown in Figure 14.30. These widely... 

Mechanical instabilities of polymer systems usually arise in shrinking or swelling gels. A classic example is the formation of patterns on the surface of ionized acrylamide gels that swell due to an osmotically driven inflow of water (20-22). This inflow leads to mechanical stress within the gel and shear bending of the solvent-exposed gel layer. Despite the complex reactivity of the PA-MBO system, this type of mechanical instability seems to persist in our experiments and provides a possible explanation for the sudden, often front-like transition to honeycomb patterns. In this process, the reduction of mechanical stress is affected by the spatially periodic concentration patterns. Consequently, one can interpret the outward displacement of particles during the third phase of motion as a truly chemo-mechanical phenomenon. 

In order to expand the applicability of mesoscopic dot-, line- and honeycomb patterns in foe field of photonics and electronics, one promising approach is the incorporation of photofonctional low-molar-mass compoimds into the dewetted polymer patterns, or foe pattern formation of low molar rrtass compounds themselves. 

Thinh, P., Basavaraja, C., Kim, D.G., Huh, D. Characterization and electrochemical behaviors of honeycomb-patterned poly(N-vinylcarbazole)/polystyrene composite films. Polym. Bull. 69(1), 81-94 (2012)... 

If the concentration is low, rather than thin films dissipative structures (e.g., convection patterns, fingering instabilities) are produced [87]. Such work was subsequently used to topographically control neurite extension on stripe-patterned polymer films [150], fabrication of periodic micro-structured honeycomb films having multiple periodicities, and polymer nanoparticles [151]. Large-scale ordering was observed. This was defined by the periodic thickness modulation of a block-copolymer film due to the self-organization of the receding contact line [152]. 

Yabu, FI., Inoue, K., Shimomura, M. Multiple-periodic structures of self-organized honeycomb-patterned films and polymer nanoparticles hybrids. Colloid Surf. A 284-285, 301-304 (2006)... 

We can also mention the use of bio-sourced building blocks based on cellulose or dextran. Kadla et al. described value-added materials from naturally abundant polymers for system that may serve as a platform for the design and development of biosensors [197]. A hierarchically strucmred honeycomb film from dextran-ft-PS amphiphilic linear diblock copolymers has also been described by Chen et al. leading to ordered porous bio-hybrid films. [198] Honeycomb patterned surfaces functionalized with biomolecules for specific recognition of proteins or bacteria have been also achieved either by self-assembly of amphiphilic copolymers based on galactose moieties [155] or by post-modification with peptide sequences [199]. 

Karthaus, O., Maruyama, N., Cieren, X., Shimomura, M., Hasegawa, H., Hashimoto, T. Water-assisted formation of micrometer-size honeycomb patterns of polymers. Langmuir 16, 6071-6076 (2000)... 

Jiang, X., Gu, J., Shen, Y., Wang, S., Tian, X. Formation of honeycomb-patterned micro-porous films based on a fluorinated poly(siloxane imide) segmented copolymer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 119, 3329-3337 (2011)... 

De Leon, A.S., Campo, A.D., Labrugere, C., Femandez-Garcia, M., Munoz-Bonilla, A., Rodrlguez-Hemandez, J. Control of the chemistry outside the pores in honeycomb patterned films. Polym. Chem 4, 4024-4032 (2013)... 

The breath figure methodology provides a simple and inexpensive route for the preparation of honeycomb patterned porous polymers.The term Breath Figures refers to the spatial ordering of water droplets as they condense from a highly humid atmosphere onto a cold, uniform surface. 

In addition to pore size, the mechanical strength of polymer substrates has an influence on the behaviour of cells, as cells sense their environment through the focal adhesions that attach the cytoskeleton to the scaffold.The mechanical properties of elastomeric poly(l,2-butadiene) (PB) honeycomb patterned films can be controlled by crosslinking the films under UV radiation.Crosslinking of the PB films resulted in a 15-fold increase in the elastic modulus but had no effect on the surface properties of the polymer. Murine fibroblasts exhibited stronger adhesions to the crosslinked PB films. When attached to a growth substrate, cells apply a traction force of 30 nN to the surface. Simulation of this force on the... 

Micrometrically scaled honeycomb patterns obtained under rapid evaporation of polymer solutions were first reported by Widawski et alP and Pitois and Francois,and then they were studied by various groups including Srinivasarao Bormashenko... 

Bormashenko E, Pogreb R, StanevskyO, Bormashenko Y, Gendelman O. (2005) Formation of honeycomb patterns in evaporated polymer solutions Influence of the molecular weight. Mater Lett 59 3553-3557. 

We are currently investigating the ability of the honeycomb-patterned film of polymer 22 and its derivatives as artificial extracellular matrices for biological cell culture [102]. 

Figure 14 Two-dimensionally oriented gold dot arrays templated by the polymer honeycomb pattern (a) AFM image of polymer-gold hybrid (b) electrical current mapping and profile of gold dot prepared on an ITO substrate by a modified AFM apparatus.

Tanaka, M., et al., 2008. Formation of hydroxyapatite on a self-organized 3D honeycomb-patterned biodegradable polymer flhn. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 313-314, 515-519. Available at http //linkinghub.elsevier.com/ retrieve/pii/S092777570700564X (accessed 08.10.14.). 

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