Substrates for growth

Low temperature (It) tars of Eischer-Tropsch (ET) fractions provide reasonable substrates for growth of yeast for human or animal food supplements. Yeast growth yields were 99.8% (ET fraction), 95.2 and 84.2% (It tar) of those from a petroleum-derived paraffin fraction (63) (see Eoods, nonconventional). 

Marine roseobacters that contain bacteriochlorophyll a have been described (Oz et al. 2005), and the bacteriochlorophyll a-containing marine bacterium Porphyrobacter sanguineus was able to degrade biphenyl and dibenzofuran, though unable to use them as sole substrates for growth (Hiraishi et al. 2002). 

A dynamic model has been developed to simulate the behavior of a Pseudomonas sp. 0X1 biofilm reactor for phenol and azo-dye conversion during the aerobic-anaerobic cyclic operation. Phenol and oxygen were considered as the limiting substrates for growth kinetics. 

A summary of the key information has been compiled on the anaerobic and aerobic bacteria discussed above. Comparison of the substrates for growth of these organisms (Table I) show that all utilize cellobiose and various forms of cellulose. The two species belonging to Bacteroides have different specificity for substrates, while those for Ruminococcus, Cellulomonas and Thermomonospora were the same. Table I also allows comparison of the behavior of the 13 species of cellulolytic bacteria toward cellobiose. More variability is noted in this regard and no correlation between induction/repression can be made with the mechanism of cellobiose degradation. 

Table I. Substrates for Growth of Cellulose Bacteria (a) and Means by Which Cellobiose is Utilized by Cellulolytic Bacteria (b) (a)...

Untreated, substrate for growth of yeast Vitamin B12 production... 

Apart from the utilization of the common mono- and di-saccharides as metabolic substrates for growth and energy, there is little information on the growth effects of externally applied carbohydrates. Some, like D-mannose, D-galactose, and 2-deoxy-D-araWno-hexose, are inhibitory to root growth,718 possibly because they provide a high osmotic concentration in solution, from which they are only indifferently utilized, without being actively phytotoxic. 

H. Okumura [ Datareview in this book B2.6 Cubic substrates for growth of GaN and related compounds ]... 

In this Datareview, properties of sapphire as the substrate for growth of group III nitrides are described. Since sapphire substrates commercially available are exclusively a-sapphire, sapphire here is a-sapphire. 

---