Cell spreading

Horton MA, Taylor ML, Arnett TR et al (1991) Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides and the anti-vitronectin receptor antibody 23C6 inhibit dentine resorption and cell spreading by osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res 195 368-375... 

Fak (focal adhesion kinase) is expressed in most tissues and is evolutionary conserved across species. It is activated by integrin clustering and by stimulation of several G protein-coupled recqrtors and RTKs. Fak is associated with focal adhesions and regulates cell spreading and migration. The kinase is essential for embryonic development since the homozygote Fak knockout is embryonic lethal. Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), the second member of the Fak kinase family has a more restricted expression pattern (primarily neuronal and hematopoietic cells) and does not localize to focal adhesions. 

Edwards, J.G., Cambell, G., Carr, M Edwards, C.C. (1993). Shapes of cells spreading on fibronectin Measurement of the stellation of BHK21 cells induced by raising cyclic AMP, and of its reversal by erum and lysophosphatidic acid. J. Cell Sci. 104,399-407. 

Kim J. Han L Kim Y. et al. C-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin regulates integrin-mediated cell spreading but not the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase / / Biochem. J. 2001. V. 360. P. 239-245. 

The adherence and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated on the fabricated PCLA scaffold. Results showed that the HUVECs were adhered and proliferated well on the small-diameter-fiber fabrics (0.3 and 1.2 mm in diameter), whereas markedly reduced cell adhesion, restricted cell spreading, and no signs of proliferation were observed on the large-diameter-fiber fabric (7 mm in diameter). That may be due to the high-surface-density fibers provide an extremely high surface/volume ratio, which favors cell attachment and proliferation. 

Fig. 1 Real-time tracking of cell adhesion [42]. (a) Components of a total internal reflection fluorescent microscope (TIRFM). (b) The cell adhesion process (7) a cell approaches the surface, (2) the cell lands, (3) the cell attaches, and (4) the cell spreads out on the surface. The evanescent field was generated by total internal reflection of a laser beam at the glass-water interface. Cells with fluorescently labeled membranes (dashed lines) were plated on SAMs. Cell membranes within the evanescent field (solid line) were observed by TIRFM. Corresponding TIRFM images are shown below...

Wallace, C.S., Strike, S.A., and Truskey, G.A. (2007) Smooth muscle cell rigidity and extraellular matrix organization influence endothelial cell spreading and adhesion formation in co-culture. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 10.1152/ajpheart.00618.2007. 

Oertle, T., Van Der Haar, M. E., Bandtlow, C. E. et al. Nogo-A inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell spreading with three discrete regions. /. Neurosci. 23 5393-5406,2003. 

Cell-to-Cell Spread. HIV carries out infection by cell-to-cell spread. That is, if an HIV-infected cell comes into contact with an uninfected cell, the virus may pass to the uninfected cell directly. Neutralizing antibodies are unable to prevent this process, since they can only attack virus when it is outside cells. 

Cell behavior/ Cell spreading Viability Migration Proliferation Differentiation... 

When removing excess coating, be careful not to scratch the bottom of the well with the pipette tip used. This could impair optimal cell spreading. 

For cells the processes of adhesion and spreading on surfaces, are two distinctly separate processes. To date, only adhesion has been described in a thermodynamic way. Cell spreading, on the other hand, is difficult to describe in this manner, due to cellular activity, such as protein production and cytoskeleton transport which complicate the spreading process. As a result, the strength of adhesion does not correlate well with the... 

Figure 2.38 Influence of substrate surface energy on cell spreading with preadsorbed serum proteins (solid line) and without (dashed line). Reprinted, by permission, from J. M. Schakemaad Cells Their Surfaces and Interactions with Materials, in Biomaterials Science An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, B. D. Ratner, A. S. Hoffman, F. J. Schoen, and J. E. Lemons, p. 144. Copyright 1996 by Academic Press.

Matsuda, Akutsu, et al. [141] carried out chemical fixation of GRGDSP onto a poly(vinyl alcohol) film which had been activated by carbonyl diimidazol in dimethylformamide. For comparison, fibronectin was also immobilized on a poly(vinyl alcohol) film by the same technique. Matsuda et al. found that bovine endothelial cells (ECs) adhered well to the peptide- and fibronectin-immobilized film furthermore, after a three-day incubation, aggregated ECs floated on nontreated PVA film, while the peptide-immobilized surface greatly enhanced cell spreading and growth, which surpassed that on fibronectin-bound PVA. 

More recently, Hubbell et al. [148] found the highly specific adhesivity of the REDV sequence toward the endothelial cells, HUVEC. The cell-spreading assays were carried out in a serum-containing medium. The results obtained are cited in Table 13. 

The fatty acid chains are evidently embedded in the outer membrane as an anchor. About one-third of the lipoprotein molecules are attached covalently to the peptidoglycan through an amide linkage between the side chain amino group of the C-terminal lysine of the protein and a diaminopimelic acid residue of the peptidoglycan (Fig. 8-29). Thus, the protein replaces one of the terminal D-alanine residues of about one in ten of the murein peptides. There are 2.5 x 105 molecules of the bound form of the lipoprotein per cell spread over a surface area of peptidoglycan of 3 pm2. They appear to be associated as trimers located primarily in the periplasmic space.589... 

Humphries, J.E., Elizondo, F. and Yoshino, T.P. (2001) Protein kinase C regulation of cell spreading in the mol-luscan Biomphalaria glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1540, 243-252. 

Peterson, C., Ratan, R. R., Shelanski, M. L., and Goldman, J. E. (1986). Cytosolic free calcium and cell spreading decrease in fibroblasts from aged and Alzheimer donors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83, 7999-8001. 

Jiang XY, Takayama S, Qian XP, Ostuni E, Wu HK, Bowden N, LeDuc P, Ingber DE, Whitesides GM (2002) Controlling mammalian cell spreading and cytoskeletal arrangement with conveniently fabricated continuous wavy features on poly(dimethylsiloxane). Langmuir 18 3273-3280... 

As newborn screening by MS/MS is discussed in detail, one of the primary lessons learned has been that the method of sample collection is critical in directing the methods used in analysis and interpretation of results. In the case of dried blood spots, it was apparent that the blood volume indeed varies substantially from sample to sample and has a significant analytical impact on quantification and interpretation. The quantity of blood contained with each disk, as observed in Figure 3A and B, will vary by hematocrit, for example. Higher hematocrit increases the viscosity of blood and it will therefore spread less when applied to the filter paper. The net result is a high blood volume per area of filter paper. Lower hematocrit specimens, which spread more readily, have a larger area and a lower blood volume per area. Plasma, which has no red cells, spreads to nearly twice the area of blood... 

Fig. 8 (a) Nanopatteming by EBL A silcion substrate is functionalized with an amino-silane and coated with BSA. A focused electron beam is employed to write nanopattems into the BSA film. Proteins from solution can selectively adsorb into the nanopattems and guide the formation of cell-substrate contacts, (b) Fibroblast on fibronectin 10 x 10 nanodot matrix created by electron beam lithography. Cells spread, and fluorescent staining of intracellular proteins shows that focal contacts are located on the nanodots actin green), fibronectin red), and vinculin blue). Areas a, b, and c are shown magnified. (Figure in part reproduced with permission from [103])... 

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