Specific recognition

By analogy, a great many of other functionalized styrenes, including carboxyHc acids, amino acids, Schiff bases, or specific compounds, eg, l-DOPA, have successfully been appHed as print templates. Moreover, it has also been shown that siUca gel can be imprinted with similar templates, and that the resulting gel has specific recognition sites determined by the print molecule (162—164). 

Receptor Regulation and Defects. Specific recognition and the initiation of response are the accepted attributes of the dmg—receptor interaction. However, target cells can alter on both short- and long-term time scales their sensitivity to dmgs. Such regulation, achieved by altering the... 

Figure 7.8 Sequence-specific recognition sites in the major groove of DNA for three restriction enzymes—Eco RI, Bal I, and Sma I. The DNA sequences that are recognized by these enzymes ate represented by tbe color code defined in Figure 7.7.

Seeman, N.C., Rosenberg, J.M., Rich, A. Sequence-specific recognition of double helical nucleic acids by proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73 804-809, 1976. 

Figure 8.8 The DNA-binding heiix-turn-helix motif in lambda Cro. Ca positions of the amino acids in this motif have been projected onto a plane and the two helices outlined. The second helix (red) is called the recognition helix because it is involved in sequence-specific recognition of DNA.

The immune system in vertebrates provides a defense mechanism against foreign parasites such as viruses and bacteria. Three main properties are essential to its successful operation specific recognition of foreign molecules, the ability to destroy the foreign parasite, and a memory mechanism that allows a more rapid response to a second infection by the same microorganism. 

Cells contain thousands of different proteins. A major problem for protein chemists is to purify a chosen protein so that they can study its specific properties in the absence of other proteins. Proteins have been separated and purified on the basis of their two prominent physical properties size and electrical charge. A more direct approach is to employ affinity purification strategies that take advantage of the biological function or similar specific recognition properties of a protein (see Table 5.5 and Chapter Appendix). 

This provides substantial evidence for shape similarity effect on the specific recognition. 

A sequence stretch 300 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start site suffices for most of the transcriptional regulation of the IL-6 gene (Fig. 1). Within this sequence stretch several transcription factors find their specific recognition sites. In 5 to 3 direction, AP-1, CREB, C/EBP 3/NF-IL6, SP-1 and NF-kB can bind to the promoter followed by TATA and its TATA binding protein TBP. Most enhancer factors become active in response to one or several different stimuli and the active factors can trigger transcription individually or in concert. For example, AP-1 is active upon cellular stress, or upon stimuli that tell cells to proliferate CREB becomes also active if cells experience growth signals, but also upon elevation of intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which occurs upon stimulation if so called hormone-activated G protein-coupled receptors. 

B. H. Geierstanger, D. E. Wemmer, and P. B. Dervan. Antiparallel side-by-side dimeric motif for sequence-specific recognition in the minor groove of DNA by the designed peptide 1-methylimidazole-2-carboxamide netropsin. Proc. Natl. 

Mrksich, M., M.E. Parks, and P.B. Dervan. Hairpin peptide motif A new class of oligopeptides for sequence-specific recognition in the minor-groove of double-helical DNA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 7983-7988. 

SwALLEY, S.E., E.E. Baird, and P.B. Dervan. Effects of y-turn and j8-tail amino acids on sequence-specific recognition of DNA by hairpin polyamides. /. Am. 

Dervan. Sequence-specific recognition of DNA in the nucleosome by pyrrole-imidazole polyamides. J. Mol. Biol. 2001,... 

N. T., Lhomme J., Helene C. Sequence-specific recognition, photocrosslinking and cleavage of the DNA double helix by an oligo-[alpha]-thymidylate covalently linked to an azidoproflavine derivative. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 15 7749-7760. 

Built-in functional specific recognition and binding, e.g., antigen binding by antibodies or hybridization of nucleic acids ... 

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