Other Literature

A small library should be adjaeent to the shop floor, with field drawings, written histories of equipment, eatalogs, API speeifieations, and other literature pertinent to the maehine maintenanee field. Drawings and manuals should be transferred to the eleetronie digital media as soon as possible. Aeeess to the Internet on the maintenanee and produetion area eomputers is a must as many manufaeturers post helpful operational and maintenanee hints on their websites. API speeifieations, whieh govern meehanieal maehinery, are listed in Table 21-3. 

Throughout this bocdt, several mass-exchange operations will be considered simultaneously. It is therefore necessary to use a unified terminology such that y is always the composition in die rich phase and x is the composition in the lean phase. The reader is cautioned here that tiiis terminology may be different ftom other literature, in which y is used for gas-phase composition and x is used for liquid-phase composition. 

The manuals and other literature which specify how the tasks need to be performed The consumable materials and spares required The environment to be maintained if anything other than ambient The handling and cleanliness requirements The precautions to be observed to protect health and safety The checks, inspections, tests, and adjustments to be made A model servicing process is illustrated in Figure 19.2. 

The accuracy of establishing HETP -values for new conditions in the same packing referenced to known values as suggested by Planovski [57] has not been tested by other literature references. 

Spenlehauer (59) reported that in the case of cisplatin-loaded microspheres, irradiation only changes the processing considerations and does not influence drug release. This observation is in conflict with other literature reports showing increases in drug release rates (60,61). 

Table 2 (Nakanishi et al., 1977). These results represent the first evidence that these reactions occur in the crystal lattice. Similar results and discussions have been introduced in other literature (Nakanishi et al., 1980 cf. Nakanishi et al., 1972a, 1977).

The problem of the influence of intramolecular interactions on the configurations of polymer molecules has been the subject of much controversy, which need not be reviewed here. For treatment of the problem by methods other than the one presented in the following pages, the reader is referred to papers by F. Bueche, J. Chem. Phys., 21, 205 (1953), and B. H. Zimm, W. H. Stockmayer, and M. Fixman, J. Chem. Phys., 21, 1716 (1953). These papers include references to other literature on the subject. 

Chemical analysis of the finished food product is a more accurate determination of the methylxanthine content. In studies performed at Hershey Foods Corporation, the methylxanthine content of a large variety of commercially available chocolate foods was measured by HPLC methods.38 These results have been compiled together with other literature values in Table 11. Large methylxanthine variations can be seen among the chocolate foods, as well as within different brands of the same item. 

The Egan dataset is a literature compilation of 199 passively well-absorbed compounds (>90% intestinal absorption or >90% oral bioavailability) and 35 poorly absorbed compounds (<30% intestinal absorption). However, this compilation includes both the Palm dataset as well as the Wessel dataset, which means that Egan et al. added an additional 28 compounds from other literature sources. The original publication from Egan et al. [26] did not reveal the identity of those additional compounds however, Table 16.3 represents a compilation of the compounds used (courtesy of the authors and Pharmacopeia [27]). Egan and co-workers have used this data set in a classification analysis of intestinal absorption [26]. 

To those already familiar with hazard/risk analysis methods, a "PHA" designates a Preliminary Hazard Analysis. Unfortunately, the PSM Rule uses these same letters to designate Process Hazard Analysis. In this document, PrHA will designate Process Hazard Analysis to avoid confusion with Preliminary Hazard Analysis. Note that other literature may be confusing on this issue. 

A recent review by Pichon and Haupt169 summarizes the progress in the area of utilization of MIPs for sample preparation purposes and cites several examples of solid phase extraction (MISPE) from biological matrices. The requirements and applications of MIPs are reviewed in a recent book170 and other literature.171-176... 

The minimum amount of catalyst needed to obtain maximum selectivity was determined to be 5 mol%. Larger quantities had no effect. Consistent with other literature reports[17], very small quantities of water (5 mol% = 2.5 mg E O/g 3) lowered the selectivities (Table 11.6, entry 4). Water sensitivity required thorough drying of the equipment, the starting materials and the solvents. In the case of tetrahydrofuran, drying was achieved by using activated 5 A molecular sieves (KF titration >0.005%). On the other hand, solvents used for crystallization of the starting material (3), such as 2-propanol and acetonitrile showed little effect on the enantioselectivities of the reaction (entries 6 and 7). 

Quantitative analysis in flame atomic absorption spectroscopy utilizes Beer s law. The standard curve is a Beer s law plot, a plot of absorbance vs. concentration. The usual procedure, as with other quantitative instrumental methods, is to prepare a series of standard solutions over a concentration range suitable for the samples being analyzed, i.e., such that the expected sample concentrations are within the range established by the standards. The standards and the samples are then aspirated into the flame and the absorbances read from the instrument The Beer s law plot will reveal the useful linear range and the concentrations of the sample solutions. In addition, information on useful linear ranges is often available for individual elements and instrument conditions from manufacturers and other literature. 

The degradation reactions of PET are complex and it is beyond the scope of this chapter to cover them fully. Therefore, the reader is referred to other literature sources for a more detailed description of the mechanisms involved [17-19], However, the main reactions can be briefly summarized as follows ... 

Ux is the overall extraction constant [2]. Different authors favor different notations, all being used here (as in other literature). For example, the concentration of HL in the organic phase may be written [HL], [HLjorg, or HL]o, and in the aqueous phase [HL] (with no index), [HLjaq or [HLja. Freiser and Nancollas [2] recommend against the combination [HL]o/[HL]a, which invites confusion. 

We can also look at other literature datasets to gain an idea of how similar our compounds are to compounds for which QMPRPlus gives very good predictions. We have looked at four simple descriptors molecular weight, topological polar surface area [40], chemical complexity [41], and rotatable bond count, using John Bradshaw s... 

The data for various binding constants have been reported in the literature. These data were found to be in good agreement with other literature studies. 

The ATSDR toxicological profile is intended to characterize succinctly the toxicological and health effects information for the hazardous substance being described. Each profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a hazardous substance s toxicological properties. Other literature is presented but described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. 

Twelve imidazolium-based ILs were studied experimentally by Ropel et al. [115] (mainly the l7is(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imides), and some of fhese results are compared with other literature data of imidazoles and ILs in Table 1.8. 

Since the efficiency may vary with the position on an individual tray and on the position of the tray in the tower, the three kinds are not the same. When more than one value is shown in Table 13.15 or other literature, the smallest value should be taken as the overall efficiency when that number is needed. 

The literature of fluidization phenomena and technology is extensive. A good although dated bibliography is in Ullmann s Encyclopedia (1973, Vol. 3, pp. 458-460). The book by Chere-misinoff and Cheremisinoff (1984) has more than 500 abstracts of articles on fluidization hydrodynamics, mixing and heat transfer, but little on reactor technology. Other literature on fluidization is cited in the References of Chapter 6. 

The classification based on area was as follows. The bold print is the classification of the Hetjens Museum to which I have added information from other literature sources. 

These reactions are best carried out in toluene and/or EtOAc using piperidine/Ac20, or piperidinium salts as well as other amine salts. Hydrochloride salts tend to be even more reactive. L-Proline does not work well for this reaction contrary to other literature accounts, especially in EtOAc. 

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