Hazardous waste producer

Congress, in an attempt to promote mineral development in the United States, has exempted most hazardous wastes produced at the wellsite under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle C regulations. Hazardous wastes are listed due to inherent characteristics of ... 

Units burning hazardous waste produced by CESQGs. 

The volume of nuclear wastes produced is relatively small compared with the volume of municipal solid wastes and industrial wastes and is very much less than that of agricultural and mining wastes. Each year, for example, the 104 nuclear power plants now operating in the United States generate a total of about 30,000 short tons (27,000 metric tons) of nuclear waste. That volume is about 0.001 percent the amount of hazardous wastes produced every year. In the five decades that nuclear power plants have been operating in the United States, a total of about 9,000 short tons (8,200 metric... 

Source, such as plant toxins, combustion by-products, or hazardous wastes produced by the... 

The goal of this project is to dismantle a nuclear submarine at Shipyard 10 in Polyamyi and to demonstrate new techniques that will reduce the hazardous waste produced during the dismantlement process. An assessment of the existing infrastructure at the shipyard is planned for the end of September 2004. 

Combustion of a hazardous waste produces 15,000 acftn of flue gas at 700°F and 1 atm. You have been asked to calculate lime requirements for this process. HCl and SO2 concentrations are 10,000 and 250 ppm, respectively. HCl must be controlled to 99% collection efficiency or 41b/h. SO2 emissions are to be controlled at 70% collection efficiency. A spray dryer is used to control the HCl and SO2 emissions. Ca(OH)2 is the sorbent that will react with HCl and SO2 to form CaCl2 and CaS04, respectively. Assume that it is necessary to provide 10% excess lime feed for the required HCl removal and 30% excess lime feed for total SO2 removal. 

Registration as a hazardous waste producer places a statutory duty on the EA to inspect the site where the hazardous waste arises. 

Quantities of hazardous wastes produced each year are not known with certainty and depend on the definitions used for such materials. In the United States, there are around 17,000 RCRA-regulated sites that generate approximately 30 million tons of wastes. However, most of this material is water, with only a few million tons consisting of solids. Some high-water-content wastes are generated directly by processes that require large quantities of water in waste treatment, and other aqueous wastes are produced by mixing hazardous wastes with wastewater. 

The purpose of the manifesting system is to establish accountability for and tracking of hazardous waste shipments. The manifest is an important feature of RCRA s "cradle to grave" system. A generator must keep a copy of each manifest for three years. The generator must also maintain records and report hazardous waste management activity, including the amount of hazardous waste produced, the transporters of the wastes, and the TSDFs in possession of the hazardous waste (40 CFR 262.40-262.44). 

Among the kinds of hazardous wastes produced by water pollution control are ... 

Oxygen is used to treat municipal wastewater and wastewater from the pulp and paper industry (see Aeration, water treatment Wastes, industrial Water). Many of these water appHcations can use VSA-produced oxygen (advantage /). Demonstration and development programs are in place that use oxygen to oxidize sludge from municipal waste and bum hazardous wastes and used tires (advantages 1—4). 

Based on the evidence that acceptable recycled petroleum products can be produced, there is a considerable legislative record encouraging the recycling of used oil. Starting with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1976 (20), used oil was held apart from the normal hazardous waste system because the oil was viewed as a valuable commodity. This was followed by the Used Oil Recycling Act in 1980 (33), which removed any federal requirement that lubricants containing re-refined base oil carry special labeling. 

Whatever hazardous materials are involved, whether they be new produces, an existing product in a new package type, hazardous waste, or any other hazard category, the proposed packaging and all conditions which are expected to be incident to its use should be reviewed... 

Pohution prevention techniques must be evaluated through a thorough consideration of ah media, hence the term multimedia. This approach is a clear departure from previous pollution treatment or control techniques where it was acceptable to transfer a pollutant from one source to another in order to solve a waste problem. Such strategies merely provide short-term solutions to an ever increasing problem. As an example, air pollution control equipment prevents or reduces the discharge of waste into the air but at the same time can produce a solid (hazardous) waste problem. 

Hazardous Wastes Hazardous Wastes for deliveiy to a treatment or disposal facility normally are collected by the waste producer or a licensed, speciahzed hauler. Typically, the loading of collection vehicles is completed in one of two ways (1) wastes stored in large-capacity tanks are either drained or pumped into collection vehicles, and (2) wastes stored in sealed drums or other sealed containers are loaded by hand or by mechanical equipment onto flatbed trucks. To avoid accidents and possible loss of life, two collectors shoiild always be assigned when hazardous wastes are to be collected. 

For some products, a decision may need to be made whether samples of product lots produced by a toller will be maintained at their site or returned to the client company. Certain samples may become hazardous waste, with associated disposal costs, when the sample retention time expires. When samples are held on behalf of the other party, ultimate disposal agreements should be in place. 

The EC produces in excess of 2 billion tonnes of waste each year. 414 million tonnes arise in the UK and a further 68 million tonnes of hazardous waste are imported. All wastes must be disposed of safely. 

Identify all hazardous process materials, intermediates and wastes Produce material information sheets for each process material... 

Extra duties are imposed on the producers of Special Waste , i.e. a waste that is on the European Hazardous Waste list reproduced in Table 17.6 and if it has one or more of the hazardous properties listed in Table 17.7 (reproduced from Part 2 of Schedule 2 of the Special Waste Regulations, 1996). Also Special Waste is any Controlled Waste which has one of the listed properties. Extra requirements are detailed for the safe transfer and management of such waste. 

Solidification/Stabilization technologies are techniques designed to be used as final waste treatment. A major role of these processes is posttreatment of residuals produced by other processes such as incineration or chemical treatment. In some cases, solidification/ stabilization processes can serve as the principal treatment of hazardous wastes for which other detoxification techniques are not appropriate. High volume, low toxicity wastes (such as contaminated soils) are an example of this application. 

While a number of wastes produced at the wellsite are considered characteristic hazardous waste, some wastes fall under the nonhazardous description. The regulation of these fall under RCRA Subtitle D. Initially Subtitle D wastes were regulated to control dumping of domestic trash and city runoff. The EPA is considering promulgating regulation of certain oil and gas wastes under Subtitle D [231]. 

In addition to individuals who are occupationally exposed to endosulfan (see Section 5.5), there are several groups within the general population that have potentially high exposures (higher than background levels) to endosulfan. These populations include individuals living in proximity to sites where endosulfan was produced or sites where endosulfan was disposed of, and individuals living near one of the 162 NPL hazardous waste sites where endosulfan has been detected in some environmental media (HazDat 2000). 

It is the formation of this material which makes the reaction have a low atom economy and, owing to the cost of disposal (usually by conversion to calcium phosphate and disposal as hazardous waste), has limited its commercial usefulness to high value products. Several methods have been developed to recycle (Ph)3PO into (Ph)3P but these have proved more complex than might be expected. Typically the oxide is converted to the chloride which is reduced by heating with aluminium. Overall this recovery is expensive and also produces significant amounts of waste. 

---