Collection vehicle

Transfer and Transport The func tional element of transfer and transport involves two steps (1) the transfer of wastes from the smaller collection vehicle to the larger transport equipment and (2) the subsequent transport of the wastes, usually over long distances, to the disposal site. 

Hazardous Wastes Hazardous Wastes for deliveiy to a treatment or disposal facility normally are collected by the waste producer or a licensed, speciahzed hauler. Typically, the loading of collection vehicles is completed in one of two ways (1) wastes stored in large-capacity tanks are either drained or pumped into collection vehicles, and (2) wastes stored in sealed drums or other sealed containers are loaded by hand or by mechanical equipment onto flatbed trucks. To avoid accidents and possible loss of life, two collectors shoiild always be assigned when hazardous wastes are to be collected. 

The hinctional element of tmn.sfer and transport refer.s to the rnean.s, facihtie.s, and appiirtenance.s ii.sed to effect the tran.sfer of wa.ste.s from relatively. small collection vehicles to larger vehicles and to transport them over extended distances to either processing centers or disposal sites. Transfer and transport operations become a necessity when haul distances to available disposal sites or processing centers increase to a point at which direct hauling is no longer economically feasible. 

Collection vehicle Nnmlier of iixles Typical over ill collection-vehicle dimensions Unloading method... 

Reduction of solid-waste volume alteration of shape of solid-waste components all modem collection vehicles essentially equipped with compaction equipment... 

Hydraulic piston-type compactors for collection vehicles, on-site compactors, and transfer-station compactors roll crushers used to fracture brittle materials and to crush tin and aluminum cans and other ductile materials... 

Other suggestions on distributed processing reach beyond the capabilities of today s micro reactors, and hence are of more visionary character [5]. These include desktop pharmacies, home-recycle factories, mobile factories, house-water treatment plants, processing cereal crops at the combine, purification of blood in the body, recycling of plastics in the collection vehicle and more [5]. 

Collection The functional element of collection includes the gathering of solid wastes and the hauling of wastes after collection to the location where the collection vehicle is emptied. As shown in Fig. 22-46, this location may be a transfer station, a processing station, or a landfill disposal site. 

Stationary-Container Systems (SCS) Collection systems in which the containers used for the storage of wastes remain at the point of waste generation, except for occasional short trips to the collection vehicle, are defined as stationary-container systems. Labor requirements for mechanically loaded stationary-container systems are essentially the same as for hauled-container systems. There are two main types of stationary-container systems (1) those in which self-loading compactors are used and (2) those in which manually loaded vehicles are used. 

Systems with self-loading compactors. Container size and utilization are not as critical in stationary-container systems using selfloading collection vehicles equipped with a compaction mechanism (see Fig. 25-61 and Table 25 9) as they are in hauled-container systems. Trips to the disposal site, transfer station, or processing station are made after the contents of a number of containers have been collected and compacted and the collection vehicle is full. Because a variety of container sizes and types are available, these systems may be used for the collection of all Lpes of wastes. Container sizes vary from relatively small sizes (0.6 m ) to sizes comparable to those handled with a hoist truck (see Table 25-58). 

Available container or truck body capacities, m Typical overall collection-vehicle dimensions ... 

Capacity Requirements The operating capacity of a transfer station must be such that collection vehicles do not have to wait long to unload. In most cases, it will not be cost-effective to design the station to handle the ultimate peak number of hourly loads. An economic trade-off analysis should be made between the annual cost for the time spent by the collection vehicles waiting to unload against the incremental annual cost of a larger transfer station and/or the use of more transport equipment. Because of the increased cost of transport equipment, a trade-off analysis must also be made between the capacity of the transfer station and the cost of the transport operation, including both equipment and labor components. 

Water injection can be used to lower the in-cylinder temperature, leading to a rcduced NO, formation. This can also be achieved by using a fuel that contains water. Elf-Aquiiane started distribution of water-containing diesel fuel early in 1999 [1]. Main users of this product are cities for their bus fleet and garbage collection vehicles. The soot emissions are reported to be reduced with 30 - 80%, the NO, emissions with 15 - 30% [1]. 

The design of garbage collection vehicles differs from county to county and country to country based on location, local culture, etc. Many factors influence the design of these vehicles, with moisture content being one of the most important considerations in the hauling of municipal waste. The general formula for calculating the moisture content of solid waste is as follows ... 

Transit fleet management enables more efficient transit operations, using enhanced passenger information, automated data and fare collection, vehicle diagnostic systems, and vehicle positioning systems... 

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