Hazardous waste land disposal restrictions

Standards for the Management of Specific Hazardous Wastes Land Disposal Restrictions... 

EPA. 1995k. Hazardous waste management system identification and listing of hazardous waste petroleum refining process wastes land disposal restrictions for newly identified wastes ad CERCLA hazardous substances designation and reportable quantities. Environmental Protection Agency. 60 FR 57747. 

EPA. 1987e. Land disposal restrictions for certain California list hazardous wastes and modifications to the framework. Federal Register 52 25760-25767. 

Land disposal restrictions (LDR) To reduce the hazards posed by permanently land-disposed waste, this program requires effective and expeditious hazardous waste treatment. 

The mixture and derived-from rules apply differently to listed and characteristic wastes. A mixture involving characteristic wastes is hazardous only if the mixture itself exhibits a characteristic. Similarly, treatment residues and materials derived from characteristic wastes are hazardous only if they themselves exhibit a characteristic. Unlike listed hazardous wastes, characteristic wastes are hazardous because they possess one of four unique and measurable properties. U.S. EPA decided that once a characteristic waste no longer exhibits one of these four dangerous properties, it no longer deserves regulation as hazardous. Thus, a characteristic waste can be made nonhazardous by treating it to remove its hazardous property however, U.S. EPA places certain restrictions on the manner in which a waste can be treated. One can learn more about these restrictions in the U.S. EPA Land Disposal Restrictions Module Handlers who render characteristic wastes nonhazardous must consider these restrictions when treating wastes to remove their hazardous properties. 

Because endrin and endrin aldehyde are listed as hazardous substances, disposal of wastes containing these compounds is controlled by a number of federal regulations (see Chapter 7). Land disposal restrictions apply to wastes containing endrin or endrin aldehyde (EPA 1986d, 1987b). Chemical treatment (reductive dechlorination) or incineration are possible disposal methods (HSDB 1995 IRPTC 1985). Past disposal... 

EPA. 1997. Land disposal restrictions Correction of tables Treatment standards for hazardous wastes and universal treatment standards. (Technical amendment to final rule). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register. 62 FR 7502. February. 

This technology has been used to treat polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), halogenated and nonhalogenated solvents, semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, herbicides, fuel oils, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), and mercury. This system has also treated Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous wastes such as petroleum refinery wastes and multisource leachate treatment residues to meet RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) treatment standards. 

Currently, there is much variability in the United States in establishing treatment standards for PAHs in soil and groundwater. For example, Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) govern the placement of materials destined for any land disposal including landfill, surface impoundments, waste pits, injection wells, land treatment facilities, salt domes, underground mines or caves, and vaults or bunkers. Accordingly, treatment standards for all listed and characteristic hazardous wastes destined for land disposal have been defined (U.S. EPA, 1991) These values thus represent one potential set of treatment standards for PAHs. However, for PAHs,... 

Federal Register (1993)- Land Disposal Restrictions for Newly Identified and Listed Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Soil Proposed Rule. Federal Register, Tuesday, September 14,1993. 

The restrictions on the land disposal of many wastes have increased the cost of hazardous waste disposal. The land disposal restrictions that affect metal fabricators have been in effect for several years. For example, the restrictions on the land disposal of liquid wastes containing toxic metals and/or acids began on January 1,1984 (Section 66905 CCR). These restrictions have caused increases in disposal costs since these wastes now require some form of treatment prior to land disposal. These increased waste disposal costs are viewed as a driving force for the metal finishing industry to implement waste reduction technologies. 

SOLVENT-CONTAINING HAZARDOUS WASTES HAVING EPA LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTIONS... 

Land Disposal CH SC Section 25122.7 and Title 22 CCR Sections 66900-66935 Specifies land disposal restrictions. Lists therein restricted hazardous wastes which include wastes containing more than 1000 mg of halogenated organic compounds. 

The RCRA metal-containing aqueous wastes include characteristic wastes (D wastes) and the listed wastes (K and F wastes). The characteristic wastes are those containing any of the eight RCRA metals above the concentrations (EP Toxicity levels) identified in the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR Part 261.24). The F and K wastes are source-specific wastes and do not require any minimum metal concentration to be a RCRA hazardous waste. Table 1 identifies the RCRA waste codes chat have aqueous wastes with metals, and associated effective daces for land disposal restrictions. 

Tin is not listed as a hazardous waste constituent by the Environmental Protection Agency and therefore its disposal is not restricted by federal land disposal restrictions. No data were located regarding the amounts of tin disposed of by any means or trends in the disposal of tin. 

Requirements for Authorization of State Hazardous Waste Programs-Land disposal restrictions phase III Spent aluminum potliners 40 CFR 271.1 EPA1992b... 

The RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) or Land Ban program establishes treatment standards for hazardous waste that are protective of human health and the environment. Once the treatment standards have been met, the waste may be disposed in a landfill or in a surface impoundment. These treatment standards constitute the action levels when determining whether the waste is hazardous per RCRA Subtitle C and whether the treated waste can be disposed in a landfill, surface impoundment or by another land disposal method. 

Land Disposal Restrictions Treatment Standards for hazardous waste—waste code F032 Wastewaters 6.3 x 1a5 mg/L or combustion Nonwastewaters 0.001 mg/L or combustion 62 FR 25998 EPA 1997d... 

Land Disposal Restrictions for Newly Identified and Listed Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Soil... 

Land disposal restrictions —effective dates of injected prohibited hazardous wastes EPA 20011 40CFR268, Appendix VIII... 

EPA. 20011. Land disposal restrictions. LDR effective dates of injected prohibited hazardous waste. 

Also of note for this report are the RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs)." The LDR program was mandated by the RCRA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984. In essence, LDRs are treatment standards for listed and characteristic hazardous waste that must be achieved prior to land disposal. Treatment standards under the LDR program are established on the basis of the best demonstrated available technology and are therefore technology-based (as opposed to risk-based). Although LDR standards are technology-based, EPA has proposed, as part of HWIR, to cap LDR treatment standards with the HWIR risk-based levels. In this manner, treatment would not be required below those levels necessary to minimize risk to human health or the environment. 

Given land disposal restrictions, trends against incineration, and restrictions on storage of hazardous wastes, alternative treatment methods such as electrokinetics are increasingly given consideration for the treatment of hazardous waste site... 

Hazardous waste must be treated in accordance with the land disposal restriction (LDR) requirements before being disposed. 

If EDS liquid wastes are determined to be hazardous under the federal RCRA program (via the RCRA characteristics), RCRA s land disposal restrictions (LDRs) apply, and the wastes must be treated to meet specific requirements. 

In all states, the EDS neutralents could be considered characteristic hazardous wastes under RCRA. With some exceptions, a hazardous waste may only be treated, stored, or disposed of in a RCRA-permitted TSDF. In addition, any treatment technology must meet RCRA requirements, such as the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs) (40 CFR 268). In accordance with the LDRs, wastes must meet certain treatment standards prior to land disposal. These restrictions provide for additional protection of human health and the environment, but they add considerably to the cost and time required to treat and dispose of the waste stream. Other standards must also be met, such as those associated with treatment facihty operation and closure. 

Not all hazardous wastes can be put in a landfill. In the United States, Land Disposal Restrictions promulgated under RCRA (40 CFR 268) require that most hazardous wastes meet certain concentration limits or be treated using a specified technology before disposal. Certain hazardous wastes cannot be placed in a landfill under any circumstances. 

RCRA establishes a comprehensive "cradle-to-grave" scheme for regulating hazardous wastes. As amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, the centerpiece of RCRA is an ambitious set of land disposal restrictions (LDRs). The LDRs prohibit land disposal of particular wastes as of specified dates unless such disposal is carried out in accordance with regulations issued by EPA. In 1996, DOE submitted a final No-Migration Variance Petition to EPA seeking a waiver from the LDR to dispose of mixed waste at WIPE However, the 1996 amendments to the WIPP Land Withdrawal Act (Public Law 104-201) included a provision exempting WIPP mixed waste from the LDRs. This provision obviated the need for DOE to receive EPA approval of the pending petition. 

RCRA also includes the management of nonhazardous wastes, special wastes, industrial wastes, and universal wastes. In 1984, the federal Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) focused attention on waste minimization, land disposal restrictions, corrective actions for releases, and risks to the environment from underground storage tanks. 

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