Land disposal restrictions treatment standards

Land Disposal Restrictions Treatment Standards for hazardous waste—waste code F032 Wastewaters 6.3 x 1a5 mg/L or combustion Nonwastewaters 0.001 mg/L or combustion 62 FR 25998 EPA 1997d... 

Land Disposal Restrictions Treatment Standards (numerous constituents) ... 

EPA. 1994g. Land disposal restrictions. Treatment standards for hazardous debris. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Federal Regulations. 40 CFR 268.45. 

Because nitrobenzene is listed as a hazardous substance, disposal of waste nitrobenzene is controlled by a number of federal regulations (see Chapter 7). Land disposal restrictions (treatment standards) apply to wastes containing nitrobenzene. These wastes may be chemically or biologically... 

EPA OTS (Appendix VIII) Groundwater monitoring list (Appendix IX) Restriction on land disposal, proposed treatment standards Toxic chemical release reporting... 

Land Disposal Restrictions-Subpart B Schedule for land disposal prohibition and establishment of treatment standards... 

This technology has been used to treat polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), halogenated and nonhalogenated solvents, semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, herbicides, fuel oils, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), and mercury. This system has also treated Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous wastes such as petroleum refinery wastes and multisource leachate treatment residues to meet RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) treatment standards. 

Land disposal restrictions universal treatment standards... 

Currently, there is much variability in the United States in establishing treatment standards for PAHs in soil and groundwater. For example, Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) govern the placement of materials destined for any land disposal including landfill, surface impoundments, waste pits, injection wells, land treatment facilities, salt domes, underground mines or caves, and vaults or bunkers. Accordingly, treatment standards for all listed and characteristic hazardous wastes destined for land disposal have been defined (U.S. EPA, 1991) These values thus represent one potential set of treatment standards for PAHs. However, for PAHs,... 

The RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) or Land Ban program establishes treatment standards for hazardous waste that are protective of human health and the environment. Once the treatment standards have been met, the waste may be disposed in a landfill or in a surface impoundment. These treatment standards constitute the action levels when determining whether the waste is hazardous per RCRA Subtitle C and whether the treated waste can be disposed in a landfill, surface impoundment or by another land disposal method. 

EPA. 1997d. Land disposal restrictions-phas IV treatment standards for wood preserving wstes, paperwork reduction and streamlining, exemptions from RCRA for certain processed materials and miscellaneous hazardous waste provisions final rule. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register. 62 FR 25998. May 12, 1997. 

Land Disposal Restriction Phase IV Final Rule Promulgating Treatment Standards Yes 63 FR 28556 EPA 1998b... 

Land disposal restrictions— universal treatment standards Wastewater standard Nonwastewater standard... 

Also of note for this report are the RCRA Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs)." The LDR program was mandated by the RCRA Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984. In essence, LDRs are treatment standards for listed and characteristic hazardous waste that must be achieved prior to land disposal. Treatment standards under the LDR program are established on the basis of the best demonstrated available technology and are therefore technology-based (as opposed to risk-based). Although LDR standards are technology-based, EPA has proposed, as part of HWIR, to cap LDR treatment standards with the HWIR risk-based levels. In this manner, treatment would not be required below those levels necessary to minimize risk to human health or the environment. 

In all states, the EDS neutralents could be considered characteristic hazardous wastes under RCRA. With some exceptions, a hazardous waste may only be treated, stored, or disposed of in a RCRA-permitted TSDF. In addition, any treatment technology must meet RCRA requirements, such as the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs) (40 CFR 268). In accordance with the LDRs, wastes must meet certain treatment standards prior to land disposal. These restrictions provide for additional protection of human health and the environment, but they add considerably to the cost and time required to treat and dispose of the waste stream. Other standards must also be met, such as those associated with treatment facihty operation and closure. 

There are no established treatment standards (e.g., RCRA land disposal restrictions) for the agent or degradation/hy-drolysis products that may be of concern. Whether to establish numerical treatment standards for agents and degradation products has been the subject of intense discussions between the Army and the states. 

This series of prohibitions restricts how wastes subject to LDR requirements are handled. The most visible aspect of the LDR program is the disposal prohibition, which includes treatment standards, variances, alternative treatment standards (ATSs), and notification requirements. Land disposal means placement in or on the land, except in a corrective action unit, and includes, but is not limited to, placement in a landfill, surface impoundment, waste pile, injection well, land treatment facility, salt dome formation, salt bed formation, underground mine or cave, or placement in a concrete vault, or bunker intended for disposal purposes. The other two components work in tandem with the disposal prohibition to guide the regulated community in proper hazardous waste management. The dilution prohibition ensures that wastes are properly treated, and the storage prohibition ensures that waste will not be stored indefinitely to avoid treatment. 

If a restricted waste does not meet its applicable treatment standard, it is prohibited from land disposal. Although most wastes become eligible for disposal by meeting the treatment standards, in some instances this may not be possible. For example, there may not be enough treatment capacity to treat a waste, or the concentration level may not be achievable. To address these situations, U.S. EPA established procedures that allow wastes to be disposed of under special circumstances. The following exemptions, variances, and extensions allow wastes to be disposed of without meeting their respective treatment standards or to be treated to a different standard1,2 ... 

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