General Facilities Safety

This sections discusses the many safety hazards and preventive procedures that reduce the potential hazards in general facilities. 

There are four classes of fires based generally on the fuel but, in one case, on the ignition source, and four corresponding classes of extinguishers. The four types of fires are 

Class A-General combustible, such as wood, paper, cloth Class B-Flammable liquids, such as gasoline, solvents Class C-Energized electrical equipment Class D-Metals, such as magnesium, sodium 

Employees should be properly trained to use fire extinguishers. If the fire is small, contact the fire department and use the correct extinguisher. Special training and equipment are required to successfully fight an established structure fire. 

If a fire occurs in a building, the occupants should be evacuated promptly and safely. Other emergencies requiring prompt evacuation are chemical spills and leaking compressed gas cyhnders. Obstruction to passageways can create serious hazards in case of fire, explosion, loss of light, or other emergency situations. Corridors are specifically constructed to retard the spread of fire and to provide a protective envelope to allow people to evacuate therefore, flammable materials should not be stored in corridors. 

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Sometimes it is easiest to prepare a general flowchart that identifies events which may occur at a facility during an incident. This flowchart can identify possible avenues the event may lead to and the protection measures available to mitigate and protect the facility. It will also highlight deficiencies. The use of a flowchart helps the understanding of events by personal unfamiliar with petroleum risk and safety measures. It portrays a step by step scenarios that is easy to follow or explain. Preparation of in-depth risk probability analysis can also use the flowchart as the basis of the event trees or failure modes and effects. Figure 3 provides a generic example of a typical hydrocarbon process facility Safety Flowchart. API Recommended Practice RP 14C provides an example of a Safety Flowchart for an offshore production facility. 

The NFSC is chartered by and directly responsible to the Vice President with line responsibility for the TA-V nuclear fecilities, the Energy, Information, and Infrastructure Technology Division. The NFSC acts in an advisory capacity to the line director responsible for the nuclear facilities. The subordinate facility safety committees (e.g. RCSC) are authorized to make recommendations to line management regarding the safety of matters that satisfy general criteria that have been reviewed by the NFSC and are delineated in the subordinate safety committee charter. 

General safety rules are designed to protect human life, the environment, and physical equipment or facilities. Before a new technician even enters a refinery or chemical plant, a simple overview of the general plant safety rules is conducted. These rules include ... 

Facilities, and their maintenance, present many safety hazards. This chapter discusses general facility and laboratory safety. 

In general, the safety systems and the safety related systems of the storage facility should not be shared with those of the other facilities on the site. In special circumstances, on the basis of a thorough analysis, the Regulatory Body might accept a proposal for some common systems if it is justified and the difference in the lifetime of the various facilities is also taken into account. 

Chemistry 550. This course is offered as a one credit course (one contact hour per week) during the Fall semester for all new graduate students in our chemistry department. Chemistry 550 is a general laboratory safety course designed for chemists working or teaching in a chemical laboratory or related facility. Performance is based upon attendance and brief in-class quizzes. The course utilizes material presented in Prudent Practices in the Laboratory, Handling and Disposal of Chemicals, which was published by the National Academy Press in 1995. Table II summarizes the list of topics covered in this course. Presentations... 

One of the primary results of the project is the development of a sophisticated and extensive conceptual model for supporting argumentation in general, and safety cases in particular. This section summarises the key aspects of the conceptual basis for the tool, and also indicates some areas where further progress is required in developing an adequate conceptual structure for developing complex safety cases. The description also indicates what facilities are provided by SAM, although more detailed descriptions are provided in section 4. 

The operations group will develop general operating and maintenance objectives for the facilities which will address product quality, costs, safety and environmental issues. At a more detailed level, the mode of operations and maintenance tor a particular project will be specified in the field development plan. Both specifications will be discussed in this section, which will focus on the input of the production operations and maintenance departments to a field development plan. The management of the field during the producing period is discussed in Section 14.0. 

It may be appropriate to request that candidate tollers provide contacts at previous client facilities to allow general inquiries about their performance. This allows a company seeking a toller to determine whether the safety, environmental and quality programs are truly implemented as written. In addition, it can reveal whether the candidates made good faith efforts to meet contractual obligations. 

An essential part of the on-site visit is the physical inspection of the toller facility—the walk-through. It offers the opportunity to confirm interview responses, observe work practices, interview employees, and note general housekeeping, soil contamination and safety issues. 

Aim to protect the health and safety of everyone m the workplace and ensure that adequate welfare facilities are provided. Covers e.g. general ventilation, temperature m indoor workplaces, lighting, cleanliness, space requirements, condition of floors and traffic routes, measures against falls/fallmg objects, washing facilities. 

In May 1988, a Level-1 PSA was undertaken as part of the general risk assessment at DOE facilities. Revision 0 was completed, and reviewed by BNL, DOE and contractors. The revised report was available July 1990 (Azarm, 1990). The broad objective of the HFBR PRA program is to enhance the safety and operational activities throughout the. remaining lifetime of the reactor... 

Since safety considerations are so important in any facility design, Chapter 14 has been devoted to safety analysis and safety system design. (Volume 1, Chapter 13 discusses the need to communicate about a facility design by means of flowsheets and presents general comments and several examples of project management. )... 

Safety analysis concepts are discussed in this chapter by first describing a generalized hazard tree for a production facility. From this analysis, decisions can be made regarding devices that could be installed to monitor process upset conditions and to keep them from creating hazards. 

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