Primary Results

Houston et al,12 reported the capability to measure pre-steady state kinetics using rapid chemical quench-flow methods coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS. However, they reported difficulties in obtaining accurate pre-steady state 

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The second application of the CFTI protocol is the evaluation of the free energy differences between four states of the linear form of the opioid peptide DPDPE in solution. Our primary result is the determination of the free energy differences between the representative stable structures j3c and Pe and the cyclic-like conformer Cyc of linear DPDPE in aqueous solution. These free energy differences, 4.0 kcal/mol between pc and Cyc, and 6.3 kcal/mol between pE and Cyc, reflect the cost of pre-organizing the linear peptide into a conformation conducive for disulfide bond formation. Such a conformational change is a pre-requisite for the chemical reaction of S-S bond formation to proceed. The predicted low population of the cyclic-like structure, which is presumably the biologically active conformer, agrees qualitatively with observed lower potency and different receptor specificity of the linear form relative to the cyclic peptide. 

The primary results of all of these studies are that condensation occurs far more readily at the para position than at ortho and that methylolation tends to activate condensation much as it does methylolation. An important inference from these results is that steric factors appear to be quite influential in the condensation process,... 

The primary results of thermal building-dynamics simulations are hourly values of the following quantities ... 

Primary results of the simulation are the room air temperatures, the air change rates, and the space load factors (Figs. 11,38 to 11.40). 

The primary results of multizone airflow calculations are the flows for each conductance. For large openings, the two flows in either direction through the opening are calculated. From this, the following results can be derived (per time step) ... 

Primary results of the simulation are air change rates and concentrations in the two zones per time step (Figs. 11.46 and 11.47). From this, a concentration histogram is derived for the two halls (Fig. 11.48). TFe results show that the TLV is never reached in the analyzed time period. 

To produce this kind of grid map by quickly measuring the concentrations at some points for immediate processing and graphical presentation is a simple and often effective way to communicate the results to persons w ho are not trained to analyze primary results of measurements. The method must, however, be used with care since there is a risk that the sampling of data itself may affect the airflow in the studied area. I he equipment needed is relatively expensive, and the method is therefore of interest when the prerequisites are already available for other reasons. 

Chromium atoms were cocondensed with benzyl sulfide at 77 K (35), the primary result being desulfurization to form bibenzyl and trans-stilbene. Coordination compounds were not characterized in this system. 

The flowsheet shown in the introduction and that used in connection with a simulation (Section 1.4) provide insights into the pervasiveness of errors at the source, random errors are experienced as an inherent feature of every measurement process. The standard deviation is commonly substituted for a more detailed description of the error distribution (see also Section 1.2), as this suffices in most cases. Systematic errors due to interference or faulty interpretation cannot be detected by statistical methods alone control experiments are necessary. One or more such primary results must usually be inserted into a more or less complex system of equations to obtain the final result (for examples, see Refs. 23, 91-94, 104, 105, 142. The question that imposes itself at this point is how reliable is the final result Two different mechanisms of action must be discussed ... 

Upon absorption of UV radiation from sunlight the bases can proceed through photochemical reactions that can lead to photodamage in the nucleic acids. Photochemical reactions do occur in the bases, with thymidine dimerization being a primary result, but at low rates. The bases are quite stable to photochemical damage, having efficient ways to dissipate the harmful electronic energy, as indicated by their ultrashort excited state lifetimes. It had been known for years that the excited states were short lived, and that fluorescence quantum yields are very low for all bases [4, 81, 82], Femtosecond laser spectroscopy has, in recent years, enabled a much... 

In this section we compare the power of recursion with other possible augmentations of program schemes pushdown stores and arrays. The primary results are that the classes of recursion augmented program schemes and of pushdown store augmented schemes are effectively intertranslatable and that the class of array augmented program schemes is more powerful. 

Rossini s paper on the enthalpy of formation of water [99] is a masterpiece in terms of careful description of the experiment and presentation of data. It makes us wonder if the publication of all those details, which have been essential for updating the value of Af7/°(H20,1) over the years, would still be accepted by most modern journals. If the current tendency to eliminate from publications the reporting of primary results and basic experimental details had prevailed in the 1930s, Rossini s work on water would probably have had to be repeated by later investigators. 

Original studies of gaseous detonations have shown no single sequence of events due primarily to what is now known as the complex cellular structure of a detonation wave. The primary result of an ordinary thermal initiation always appears to be a flame that propagates with subsonic speed. When conditions are such that the flame causes adiabatic compression of the still unreacted mixture ahead of it, the flame velocity increases. According to some early observations,... 

Although it is difficult to determine the spatial distribution of species experimentally, it provides an illustrative view of the electrode reaction. Simulations usually provide values of c = /(x, f) for each species as the primary result. The space dependence of c is termed a concentration... 

The primary results of economic evaluations usually is a comparison of average, or pooled, differences in costs and differences in effects among patients who received the therapies under study. It is an open question, however, whether pooled results are representative of the results that would be observed in the individual centers or countries that participated in the study. In some, the therapy may provide good value for the costs, whereas in others it may provide poor value. Three reasons commonly cited for these differences are differences in practice patterns (i.e., medical service use), differences in absolute and relative prices for medical service use (i.e., unit costs), and differences in underlying morbidity/mortality patterns in different centers and countries. 

Study Drug N (n) Age (years) Diagnosis Study Design Medication Dosage Length of Study Primary Results Side Effect or Safety Issues... 

Adiabatic and Non-Condon. The non-Condon approaches, as mentioned in Section 10c, retain some interaction between the electronic and vibrational matrix elements. As a general conclusion, two primary results emerge from all these treatments. First, the temperature dependence of the transition probability is still mainly determined by the vibrational levels. This follows since the... 

The primary results of these first experiments from each facility were primarily proof-of-principle. Hussey et al.9 used a MCP detector with intrinsic spatial resolution of 25 pm and overall image resolution of about 30 pm. With this setup, a test section was operated in a differential cell mode, with a minimum stoichiometric ratio of about 50 on both the anode and cathode. Due to cell motion, it was not possible to quantify the total water content in the cell, but relative changes in the through-plane water content were observed from open circuit voltage, and the water content increased as a function of current density. 

Crochon, M., Guizard, C., Steinmetz, V., and Bellon, V. 1994. Walnut sorting according to their internal quality Primary results. International Conference on Agricultural Engineering, Aug. 29-Sept. 1, Milano 2, 901. 

Out of a number of experiments in recent years on the impact, of electrons with hydrogen molecules, there come certain results which at first sight appear discordant. On the one hand the experiments on ionization show that an electron, when it ionizes a hydrogen molecule, does so without causing dissociation. That is, the production of atomic ions as the primary result of impact of moderate. speed electrons with hydrogen molecules is a process which occurs rarely if at all. On the other hand,... 

As the speed of the impacting electrons is still further increased no new processes are observed by the positive ray or clean-up methods. Some experimenters have observed additional ionization setting in at about thirty volts. Of more importance, however, are the results of Franck and Blackett, who showed that the emission of Balmer lines was a primary result of impact of thirty volt or higher speed electrons. In other words, they showed dissociation may occur with excitation of one (or perhaps both) atoms. 

Table 3 summarizes the primary results of these trials. Overall the use of GPIIb/llla inhibitors was associated with a modest, but significant reduction in the primary endpoint in PRISM, PRISM-PLUS, and PURSUIT Treatment benefit was confined to early time points in PRISM (48 hours) and PRISM-PLUS (seven days), but not sustained at 30 days (17,18). In contrast, treatment with eptifibatide reduced the incidence of composite endpoint by 1.5% absolute risk difference (ARD) in PURSUIT which was observed within four days and maintained for 30 days without attenuation or amplification (19). 

Ferguson JJ, Califf RM, Antman EM, et al, Enoxaparin vs unfractionated heparin in high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes managed with an intended early invasive strategy primary results of the SYNERGY randomized trial. JAMA 2004 292 45-54,... 

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