Safety system design

It sees how to improve product design, system safety, reliability, and life of the product. It also looks into interface issues. 

There is no getting around these system laws they will happen, and they will shape the hazard risk presented by a system design. System safety must evaluate the potential impact of each of these system laws and determine if hazards will result, and if so, how the hazards can be eliminated or controlled to prevent mishaps. In other words, these system laws are hazard-shaping factors that must be dealt with during product/process/system design in order to develop a safe system. Since hazards are unique for each system design, safety compliance measures do not provide adequate safety coverage system hazard analysis is thus necessary. 

Liquid metals, however, present several disadvantages. Their weights must be considered with regard to equipment design. Additionally, Hquid metals are difficult to contain and special pumps must be used for system safety. Alkali metals react violentiy with water and bum ia air. Liquid metals also may become radioactive whea used for cooling auclear reactors (qv). 

Balls, B. W., A. B. Rentcome, and J. A. Wilkenson. 1987. Specification and Design of Safety Systems for the Process Industries, 8th International System Safety Conference, New Orleans, EA. 

Lemaire, M. 1997 Reliability and Mechanical Design. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 55, 163-170. 

Vrijling, J. K., van Hengel, W. and Houben, R. J. 1998 Acceptable Risk as a Basis for Design. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 59, 141-150. 

Safety issues are not covered here. These are dealt with in Systems and Equipment book, and some fundamental issues will be taken up in the second edition of the Fundamentals book. The following aspects should be taken into account in system design fan safety AHU fire protection issues safety measures in mines, tunnels, underground car parks, etc. transportation of chemical and explosives. 

The SPEAR framework to be described in subsequent sections is designed to be used either as a stand-alone methodology, to provide an evaluation of the human sources of risk in a plant, or in conjunction with hardware orientated analyses to provide an overall system safety assessment. The overall structure of the framework is set out in Figure 5.4. 

To properly apply the system safety techniques to die design and operation of potentially hazardous teclmologies, die design engineer must have a clear miderstanding of die system and be able to prepare a written response to questions such as ... 

Accidents in industry occur for many reasons. A few of which can be attributed to mechanical failure, operational error (human error), and process upset, and design error. In order to understand tlie root cause of an accident, system safety appraaches have been put to use. 

Pressure rupture, 46, 47, 49, 57, 219 Pressure System Safety Regulations 2000, 423 Pressure systems, 17, 423 Process design, 135, 244, 397 Process hazards, 45, 243, 398 Protective clothing, 437... 

McVey, S. R., Davis, J. F., and Venkatasubramanian, V., Intelligent systems in process operations, design and safety, in A Perspective on Computers in Chemical Engineering. CACHE Corp., 1997. 

This article shows, through example, how established system safety concepts can be used to develop safety criteria for the design of a chemical surety materiel laboratory. This systematic approach, when applied as described in this article, results in a laboratory dedicated to achieve mission objectives in an environment relatively free of inherent hazards for the least number of dollars. 

Assessment. An analysis of the hazards present in this laboratory show the most significant hazard to be the release of vapor CSM from engineering controls and into the workplace. The significance of this hazard mandates further efforts in system safety in the form of a Preliminary Hazard List (PHL) and a Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA). The user must in this instance take an active role in the design review process. 

Secondly, the circuits do not require the additional expenditure of money for added protection to ensure the safety of the designed system as do other techniques used for hazardous wiring. 

There seems to be plenty of evaluation methods for inherent safety. Unfortunatelly they are not directly suitable safety analysis tools to be used with novel design systems in preliminary process design. Most existing safety analysis methods need detailed process information and are not directly applicable in early design stages. On the other hand all methods are not suitable for computerized use with optimization and simulation tools. 

In addition to rodent studies, regulatory guidelines for pharmaceuticals require that repeated dose safety studies of up to nine months (in the United States, six months elsewhere) in duration be conducted in a nonrodent species. The most commonly used nonrodent species is the dog, followed by the monkey and pig. Another nonrodent model used to a limited extent in systemic safety evaluation is the ferret. The major objectives of this chapter are (1) to discuss differences in rodent and nonrodent experimental design, (2) to examine the feasibility of using the dog, monkey, pig, and ferret in safety assessment testing, and (3) to identify the advantages and limitations associated with each species. 

The company or facility should make use of the services of an engineer knowledgeable and trained in fire protection. Ideally, a registered fire protection engineer should be available to review fire protection designs. Fire safety, loss prevention, or process safety engineers should assist in the analysis of hazards, selection of protection system specifications, approval of the system, and acceptance testing. 

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