General Cleaners Household

This formulation is designed as a general purpose household cleaner. The product may be used with a sponge or may be used in a spray bottle. 

Sodium peroxoborate hexahydrate is an important ingredient of many household detergents, working best at temperatures above 60°C. It is also used in dishwasher detergents, denture cleaners, as well as foot and bath salts. The textile industry generally uses hydrogen peroxide for bleaching, but there are a few areas in which sodium peroxoborate hexahydrate is preferred. 

Electrostatic precipitation is one of the fundamental means of separating solid or liquid particles from gas streams. This technique has been utilized in numerous applications, including industrial gas-cleaning systems, air cleaning in general ventilation systems, and household room air cleaners. 

Liquid household bleach is generally a 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Ammonia cleansers—including general household cleansers, wax removers, glass and window cleaners, and oven cleaners — are aqueous solutions of 5-10% ammonia, NH3. Mixing bleach with cleansers containing ammonia leads to the formation of a family of potentially toxic compounds known as chloramines. These toxic gases have acrid fumes that can bum mucous membranes. Scented bleaches can mask one s natural ability to detect these harmful fumes. 

Decay curves whose shape can be described by multi-exponential functions under constant climatic conditions are generally observed. In contrast, the emission properties of substances from household products are related to human activities. Therefore, emission properties of household products depend on how the products are used. For example, moth crystals and toilet deodorizers are designed for continuous use. Consequently, they emit volatile components at a constant emission rate. On the other hand, spontaneous release of VOC from sprays, waxes, liquid cleaners and other detergents leads to short-time high concentrations, which decay rapidly. 

General-Purpose Cleaners. These are products which can be used for a variety of household applications including spray or bucket cleaners to be used to wash walls, woodwork, porcelain, linoleum, etc. These products generally contain much smaller amounts of active, as they are to be used in a more concentrated form for eventual dilution with water in actual application. These products can contain 5 to 10 percent nonionic in the total liquid and may also contain TKPP as well as certain solvents such as ethylene glycol mono n-butyl ether. The general choice of products for this application would be the standard to alcohols... 

Not all mixtures that are toxic to the respiratory system are mixtures of lipophiles and hydrophiles. In some instances, irritant chemicals react to produce more toxic species. Chloramine-induced pneumonitis from the mixing of household ammonia and bleach is an example of this phenomenon. 100 101 Household ammonia cleaner is usually a 5-10% aqueous solution of ammonia. Household bleach is generally a 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite. At these concentrations, these chemicals alone act as respiratory irritants. When mixed together, however, they react to form monochloroamine, dichloroamine, and trichloroamine as shown in Fig. 17.1. Chloramines are far more toxic than either hypochlorite or ammonia and are capable of producing inflammation and edema of the respiratory system. Case 14 is an example of the toxicity of chloramines. 

Many people are exposed to small amounts of 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate every day. You can be exposed to these chemicals in the environment, in the workplace, and at home. Higher exposures usually occur in the workplace rather than in the environment or at home. The general population is exposed to 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyethanol acetate mainly by breathing air or having skin contact with liquids, particularly household cleaners, that contain these compounds. 

Butoxyethanol and, to a lesser extent, 2-butoxyethanol acetate are found in a wide variety of industrial and consumer products. For 2-butoxyethanol, the exposure scenario of most concern to the general public is inhalation or dennal absorption while using household cleaners, metal cleaners, spray lacquers, quick-dry lacquers, enamels, varnishes, varnish removers, and latex paints. 2-Butoxyethanol acetate is used in nitrocellulose lacquer, epoxy and acrylic enamels, latex coatings, and some ink and spot remover formulations. Individuals employed in industries that make or use 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate (e.g., hospitals and medical facilities, silk screen shops, furniture finishers, print shops, paint manufacture) are probably exposed to the highest concentrations of atmospheric 2-butoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol acetate. In the general population, people residing around certain chemical... 

Bathroom cleaners are the predominant area where soil prevention treatments are important. There are very few kitchen or general-purpose cleaners that make claims to make general household surfaces easier to clean, although there is patent literature to that effect. However, this is a growing and increasingly important benefit in bathroom cleaning. Are bathroom surfaces that much harder to clean... 

Mildew removers are very closely related to the spray bleach cleaners discussed above. The main distinction between general household bleach cleaners and mildew removers is the concentration of bleach. While in the household cleaners the bleach level rarely exceeds 2% available chlorine, in mildew cleaners the level may reach as high as 3%. This is testament to the tenacity of the melanin stain that molds and mildews are able to produce, particularly in porous substrates like grout. Beyond this difference, the types and amounts of surfactants tend to be similar, as are the choice of alkalinity agent and the presence of any builders. 

Originally, toilet bowl cleaners, like all-purpose cleaners, were powders based largely on sodium bisulfate [364], They were packaged in dispensers very much like powder abrasive cleansers. In fact, many products that have been mentioned in this review are used to clean the toilet. General bathroom cleaners, liquid and powder abrasive scourers, all-purpose cleaners, and even simple household bleach are used by consumers for this task. Modern cleaners specialized for toilet bowl cleaning, however, have one factor in common that these other formulas... 

Newer toilet bowl cleaner formulations are moving to the newer classes of surfactants with the rest of household cleaning [372], More nonionic surfactants than anionic surfactants are used. These acid formulas are generally self-thickening,... 

The objectives for the product divisions tend to be rather general. The exceptions are those for the Detergents/Household Cleaners division, which are specific, measurable and time-related. 

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