Space field

If several widely spaced fields are feeding a single gathering and treatment centre it is common to perform primary separation of gas and oil (and possibly water) in the field. A field station may include a simple slug catcher, temporary storage tanks and pumps for getting the separated fluids to the main gathering and treatment centre. 

Motor flux mathematical model to determine prevailing sin 0 and and also the space field displacement angle with respect to the stator /3 . 

These balanced enclosure currents also induce electric fields into nearby structures, RCC beams and columns in the same way as the main conductors, and hence nullify most of the space magnetic fields. These space fields (fields outside the enclosure) are otherwise responsible for causing eddy current and hysteresis losses in the metallic (magnetic) structures, RCC beams and columns in the vicinity. The electrical bonding of enclosures thus... 

Pressure drop Grid spacing Field quantity Diffusivity... 

Alternatively, an LES joint velocity, composition PDF can be defined where both (j> andU are random variables Aj 0 U 4 U >4 x, t). In either case, the sample space fields U and0 are assumed to be known. 

Quantum chemical calculations on substituted alkanes are in agreement with a through-space (field) transmission of substituent electrical effects . In view of the ever-increasing evidence for through-space transmission of electrical effects, it is time to make a conclusive statement. There is no inductive-effect component in electrical-effect transmission ... 

If the field incident on the surface of the specimen is described by pinc( )> and Pinc(kx) is its Fourier transform, then the reflected field at the surface can be found by taking the inverse Fourier transform of the product of PiBC kx) and R(kx). Lower case denotes real-space fields, upper case spatial frequency (or reciprocal-space) fields. A time dependence exp(iwt), corresponding to a frequency w/27r, is implicit throughout. If the reflected field is separated into the geometrical part Rq x) and the leaky Rayleigh wave part Pr(x),... 

The term polar effect refers to the influence, other than steric, that nonconjugated substituents exert on reaction rates. It does not define whether the mechanism for its transmission is through bonds (inductive effect) or through space (field effect). 

We are left with the problem of substituent effects that do not depend on direct mesomeric interactions between the substituent and the reaction center. Effects of this kind can arise in one of two ways. First, the bond between the substituent and the substrate may be polar, and there may also be polar bonds or charged atoms in the substituent itself the charges set up in this way can influence the reaction center either by altering the effective electronegativity of atoms connected with it (inductive effect) or by direct electrostatic interaction across space (field effect). Secondly, the substituent may be attached to a conjugated system which does not itself take part in the reaction, the case exemplified by the Hammett equation (Eq. (105)) here it... 

In view of the large number of parameters which are variable (p x, and Di s) the necessity of having at least the four parameters (i.e., T] s and NOEF s at two fields) is imperative, since in some instances two or more combinations of motional parameters can closely predict Tp s. Data obtained at three widely spaced fields would be better. Further, a knowledge of the temperature dependence of these relaxation parameters is necessary. 

The mechanisms for the transmission of substituent effects through a saturated framework to an encapsulated ion are discussed in Ref. 352. Inductive (or polar) substituent effects in clathrochelates were considered to be a combination of induction via cr bond and through-space field effects. For transition metal complexes, a induction should be reflected in both the ligand field parameters of... 

The inductive component in Equation (5) (p a ) is the sum of the through-space (field effect, F) and through-bond inductive effect (I). The significance of the field effect (f) is discussed later. 

In the early days of physical organic chemistry, there was discussion about whether the effects of substituents in saturated systems was through bonds (inductive effects) or through space (field effects),but the consensus view was that it was not useful to try to distinguish them. These recent data are a decided upset to the consensus and must throw into question any Hammett-type reactivity parameter derived from a conformationally mobile system in any area of physical organic chemistry. 

The procedure for constructing kinetic equations using the generalized Langevin equation is well known - one uses as variables in this description the p/ioje-space density fields. We could of course simply use the solute phase-space fields, (7.1), and follow the methods of Section V to obtain a formal kinetic equation for their time evolution. This procedure... 

Thus we see that the action of the + operator on a( ) couples it to doublet phase-space fields. 

It is now straightforward to show that if phase-space fields up to the /th order are included in the generalized Langevin equation description, only the /th-order random force will be nonzero. Consider a column vector made... 

The rate of acetolysis of 5a-cholestan-6a-yl tosylate is influenced in the expected manner by 3-chloro-substituents. Although each of the C-3 isomers retards carbonium ion formation, the 3qj-chloro-group is less effective than 3 -chloro. It is argued that the data reffect a through-space field effect, with the negative pole of the 3a-Cl bond closer to the reaction centre than in the equatorial 3fi-isomer. The acetolysis products comprise the 5-ene and the 6a-acetate. in proportions influenced by the configuration at C-3. No 6 -acetate was found cf. ref. 99). 

The failure of bromination under ionic conditions at room temperature contrasts markedly with the occurrence of smooth ionic bromination of norbomene itself at — 78 °C and may be caused by a through space (field) —/effect. ... 

Now we ask, How would we accomplish this What resources do we need How could we convert existing resources into a negative resoiuce In this step, we utilize the comprehensive list of resoiuces developed for TRIZ problem solving time, space, fields, field conversion, materials, and information. 

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