Transportation issues

Issues with mass transport resistance, especially at higher current densities, represent an important hurdle that fuel cells need to overcome to achieve the required efficiencies and power densifies that different applications require. Diffusion layers represenf one of fhe major fuel cell components that have a direct impact on these mass transport issues thus, optimization of the DLs is required through the use of differenf experimental and characterization techniques. 

Before moving on to true mass transport issues it is worthwhile to point out that the quantity vep(Y - Yp) is in fact the water load per unit of time (whichever units of time v is expressed in.) Further that with an a-priori design process we may not know the required cross sectional area for flow and hence it may be more convenient to multiply the above relationship by and thus obtain the adsorbable contaminant input rate ... 

N. Sullivan. Transport Issues in the Impingement of Arrays of Flame Jets on a Rotating Cylinder. PhD thesis, University of Colorado, 1999. 

Ozone data collected by CASTNET are complementary to the larger ozone data sets gathered by the State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) and National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS) networks. Most air-quality samples at SLAMS/NAMS sites are located in urban areas, while CASTNET sites are in rural locations. Hourly ozone measurements are taken at each of the 50 sites operated by EPA. Data from these sites provide information to help characterize ozone transport issues and ozone exposure levels. 

Eykholt, G.R. and T.M. Sivavec. 1995. Contaminant transport issues for reactive-permeable barriers. In Y.B. Acar, and D.E. Daniel, Eds., Geoenvironment 2000, Vol. 2, Characterization, Containment, Remediation, and Performance in Environmental Geotechnics, pp. 1608-1621. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York. 

Moscardo, G. and Pearce, P.L. (2004) Life cycle, tourist motivation and transport Some consequences for the tourist experience. In L. Lumsdon and S.J. Page (eds) Tourism and Transport Issues and Agenda for the New Millennium (pp. 29-43). Oxford Elsevier. 

Transportation A student-driven, chemistry-based research project focused on campus transportation issues including estimations of carbon dioxide and smog-related pollutants resulting from campus activities. The project related directly to the course discussions of global warming, smog, local air quality, and air pollution regulations framed by basic chemical concepts such as chemical composition of the atmosphere, basic chemical reactions (e.g., combustion processes and photochemical reactions), stoichiometry of... 

Twelve process safety elements have been identified as important in the context of plant design, construction, start-up, operation, maintenance, modification, and decommissioning. This does not include personnel safety, transportation issues, chronic releases to the environment, or community response, which are separate and important issues. Process safety management must deal with each element. Even the best companies, with the best safety records, have room for improvement. 

A variation on the whole-cell biotransformation theme is the use of permeabilized cells. Whole cells can be rendered permeable to small molecules yet remain essentially intact by contacting them for a short time with low concentrations of solvents. This process has the effect of making holes in the cellular membrane while leaving enough of the cell membrane and cell wall intact to still contain the enzymes and other macromolecules. The permeabilized cells can then be treated much like immobilized enzymes. This technique is especially useful when transport issues are found to be limiting the reaction. 

Upgrading service ships that transport SNF from shipyards to railroad access points is a critical bottleneck in moving SNF to Mayak or elsewhere in both the Northwest and Far East. PM-12, the only such ship in the Northwest, needs an overhaul, or, better yet, a replacement. This should be a top priority projects, as it is a critical transportation link (there is no land access to most of these locations), and the SNF must either be moved (the current plan) or put into better, more secure storage on location (a possibility that should be explored as a temporary measine if transportation issues and more permanent storage locations cannot be readied in the very near future). 

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