Gathering systems

The appHcation that has led to increased interest in carbon dioxide pipeline transport is enhanced oil recovery (see Petroleum). Carbon dioxide flooding is used to Hberate oil remaining in nearly depleted petroleum formations and transfer it to the gathering system. An early carbon dioxide pipeline carried by-product CO2 96 km from a chemical plant in Louisiana to a field in Arkansas, and two other pipelines have shipped CO2 from Colorado to western Texas since the 1980s. EeasibiHty depends on cmde oil prices. 

Natural gas from MESA s wells flows into a gathering system where pressure is increased to 7 bar (100 psig). Multiple booster stations raise it to 34 bar (500 psig) before gas enters the plant for separation. When gas enters the LNG recovery unit, its pressure must be raised again to 66 bar (950 psig). It is then subjected to a molecular sieve process for moisture removal. A series of heat exchangers lowers the temperature to -34°C (-30°E). 

A pipeline GIS is a close cousin to a city GIS. Our company needed to produce a GIS for a two-mainline system from New Mexico to California. A subsidiary had already begun a GIS for the gathering systems, their part of the business. 

Bucaram, S. M. and B. J. Yeary. Data Gathering System to Optimize Production Operations A 14-Year Overview. i. Pet. Technol., Vol. 39, No. 4, April 1987, pp. 457-462. Capxrbianci, S. The Problem of Data Homogenization in Reliability Data Banks A Scheme of Classifications. Paper 11.B.5, ANS/ENS Topical Meeting on PRA, September 1981. Colombo, A. G. and R. J. Jaarsma. Combination of Reliability Parameters from Different Data Sources. Proceedings of the 4th EuReDatA Conference, 1983. 

Louisiana, is the dclivei y site for these contracts. Henry Hub consists of an interconnection of seven interstate pipelines, two interstates and one gathering system. These interconnections allow natural gas to move from major production areas to major consumption areas. The transportation of natural gas to and from Henry Hub is contracted separately by the seller and buyer, respectively. 

Flanigan, O., Effect of Uphill Flow on Pressure Drop in Design of Two-Phase Gathering Systems, Oil and Gas Jour, Mar. 10, 1958, p. 132. 

Drains and pots drains and pots are typically located at low points on the steam gathering system. Through valves on their lower side, any water that forms in the steam pipes by condensation of steam can be removed. 

Further facility modifications were needed to accommodate field gas handling. An agreement was negotiated to provide for balancing unit gas production between the two nonunit gas plants. This required connections between the plant gas gathering systems and continuous monitoring of produced gas streams to balance volumes. 

Before unitization, three gas gathering systems, two gas plants, and a gas gathering compression station provided the major gas gathering requirements. After the unit was formed, gas processing contracts were negotiated and connections between the systems were made to bring all gas to the gas plants. This allowed the elimination of the compressor station consisting of four 1,000-hp (746-kW) compressors. 

A 0.7 specific gravity gas is handled in a gas gathering system. Some liquid water is present. At what pressures is hydrate formation possible when the temperature is 70°F ... 

A 0.75 specific gravity gas is collected in a gathering system. The pressure in the gathering system is 1000 psia. The liquid water in the gathering system condensed from the produced gas (0%... 

INTEROQMP Resource Development and Engineering, Inc. "SSTRAN Steady-State Gas Transmission/Gathering System Model." (1974)... 

Gas at well head including gathering-system costs ... 

A key activity to identify operational functions is by gathering systems requirements. The term requirement defines a bounded characterization of the scope of the system. It contains the information essential to support the operation/operators. These requirements include functional capacity, execution capability, safety, operational, installation, system maintenance, and regulatory compliance. 

Pipelines 0.714 (<1%) Surface water Soil Larger interstate pipelines and low pressure gathering systems from smaller tank batteries. 

White, R.A. Materials Selection for Petroleum Refineries and Gathering Systems, NACE International Houston, 1998. 

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