Gasoline direct injection engine

Zhao, F., D.L. Harrington, and M.C. Lai, Automotive Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines, Warrendale, PA Society of Automotive Engineers, 2002. 

Wyszynski, R, R. Aboagye, R. Stone, and G. Kalghatgi, Combustion imaging and analysis in a gasoline direct injection engine. SAE, 2004-01-0045,2004. 

Iwamoto Y, Noma K, Nakayama O, Yamauchi T, Ando H (1997) Development of gasoline direction injection engine. SAE Paper 970541, doi 10.4271/970541... 

The introduction of ULEV required additional measures to improve lambda control accuracy plus extended malfunction diagnostics [14, 15]. Furthermore, the development of gasoline direct-injection engines and advanced electronic diesel control needed linear lambda control using the whole lambda range of X = 0.7-air. 

P. W. Loustalan, M. H. Davy, Preliminary analysis of the near nozzle break-up from a pressure-swirl atomizer using a void fraction technique, presented at 5th International Congress on Direkteinspritzung im Ottomotor (Gasoline Direct Injection Engines), Essen, Germany, 1-2 July, 2003. 

Kuwahara, K., Ueda, K., and Ando, H. (1998) Mixing control strategy for engine performance improvement in a gasoline direct injection engine. SAE Paper 980158. 

Lean-bum engine technologies such as gasoline direct injection and diesel engines can provide significant improvements in fuel efficiency and performance. 

Exhaust3, component or condition Diesel engine Gasoline stoichiometric engine Gasoline direct injection lean burn engine ... 

Compared with conventional manifold injection, a reduction in fuel consumption of up to 20% can be achieved by injecting gasoline directly into the combustion chamber. When this is done, the fuel pressure is increased to 120 bar to ensure fuel atomization. From the pressure detected by the sensor (Fig. 7.4.1) the quantity of injected fuel can be derived from the length of injection period. Fig. 7.4.2 shows the main components of gasoline direct-injection systems and pistons indicating the combustion chambers of the engine. 

However, with the breaktlirough created for the sake of the two stroke engines in gasoline direct injection, notably by Siemens, or with air injection, (orbital or lAPAC) the 4 stroke lean bum engine is clearly a potential winner for tomorrow s green house engines. Already existing results evidence this forecast. 

Zhao, R, M.C. Lai, and D.L. Harrington, Automotive spark-ignited direct injection gasoline engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 25 437-562,1999. 

Fujikawa, T., Y. Nomura, Y. Hattori, T. Kobayashi, and M. Kanda, Analysis of cycle-by-cycle variation in a direct injection gasoline engine using a laser induced floures-cence technique. International Journal of Engine Research, 4(2) 143-154, 2003. 

For direct injection of hydrogen, the power density is roughly 120% that of an equivalent gasoline engine. Because of the easy combustion property, researchers are experimenting with a multiple injection approach, where hydrogen is injected directly into the cylinder once or twice during each combustion cycle [25,28,36]. 

The vast majority of propane fuel systems used on light-duty vehicles to date have been of the mechanical-control type that meter propane in proportion to the amount of air used by the engine (air-valve and venturi-type mixers ). While these systems work well, their capabilities have been overshadowed by gasoline fuel injection systems and often lag behind gasoline systems in terms of acceleration, driveability, and cold-start performance. Chrysler Canada and one European equipment manufacturer offer liquid propane injection systems that are direct analogs to gasoline port fuel injection systems. These systems should have inherent performance advantages compared to the vaporized propane fuel systems. 

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