Vapor propane

Although limited by sensitivity, chemical reaction monitoring via less sensitive nuclei (such as 13C) has also been reported. In 1987 Albert et al. monitored the electrochemical reaction of 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenol by continuous flow 13C NMR [4]. More recently, Hunger and Horvath studied the conversion of vapor propan-2-ol (13C labeled) on zeolites using 1H and 13C in situ magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy under continuous-flow conditions [15]. 

The vast majority of propane fuel systems used on light-duty vehicles to date have been of the mechanical-control type that meter propane in proportion to the amount of air used by the engine (air-valve and venturi-type mixers ). While these systems work well, their capabilities have been overshadowed by gasoline fuel injection systems and often lag behind gasoline systems in terms of acceleration, driveability, and cold-start performance. Chrysler Canada and one European equipment manufacturer offer liquid propane injection systems that are direct analogs to gasoline port fuel injection systems. These systems should have inherent performance advantages compared to the vaporized propane fuel systems. 

For vaporized propane fuel systems, propane enters the engine as a gas instead of part liquid and part gas as gasoline does. By entering the engine fully vaporized, some air that could otherwise be used for combustion is displaced. Therefore, theoretically, propane vehicles should have lower power and slower acceleration than their gasoline counterparts, especially in bifuel11 configuration. In practice,... 

Data are not widely available, but it is likely that liquid propane fuel systems should have improved vehicle acceleration relative to vaporized propane fuel systems. Vaporization of the propane would occur right in the intake port, cooling the intake air and regaining some of the volumetric efficiency loss that fully vaporized propane systems experience. More precise control of propane metering, especially during acceleration, should also improve vehicle acceleration performance. Such propane fuel systems should also have excellent driveability and cold-start performance the same or better than gasoline vehicles. 

In the column, the vapor is countercurrently contacted with 250 mol/h of liquid propane, which absorbs from the vapor feed 85 percent of its ethane content, 9 percent of its methane, and a negligible amount of nitrogen. The pressure of the bottom stream of liquid propane with its absorbed constituents is raised to 500 psia (3450 kPa), and the stream is heated to 50°F (283 K) in a heat exchanger before being directed to another section of the process. The vapor, leaving the overhead tower at -60°F (222 K), consists of unabsorbed constituents plus some vaporized propane from the liquid-propane absorbing medium. 

A vessel of 60 ou ft oapacily is evacuated and thermoatated at 60° F. Five pounds of liquid propane are injected. What will be the pressure in the vessel and what will be proportions of liquid and vapor present Repeat calculations for 100 lb of propane injected. The densities of ooeHsting liquid and vapor propane at 60° F are 31.75 Ib/ou ft and 0.990 Ib/ou ft, resipectively. 

Condensate Vapor Chilled water Propylene (refrigerant) Transformer oil Chlorinated Ci Ethylene vapor Propane liquid Steam Steam... 

To obtain 7/4, note that since the power-recovery turbine is assumed to operate isentropically, = S3 = 1.0805 Btu/lb- R. Also note that ( 4) > 1.0805 > (S4)l- Therefore, state 4 is partially vaporized propane. If / is the weight fraction vaporized. 

Gaseous fuel compressed to 10,000 psi equals 27.81 mol of fuel HHV used for gaseous fuels where no vaporization is required LHV used for liquid fuels that require vaporization Propane is used as a gas but the can be stored as a liquid above 2.2 MPa... 

Figure E-56 shows the station s basic process fiow diagram. From this diagram it can be seen that there are a number of fuel soiu-ces available to ensure continuity of process steam supply to the adjacent chemical companies. The primary fuel source is natural gas supplied from either the Central Area Transmission System (CATS) or Transco s National Transmission System. Backup fuel is available in the form of vaporized propane, which may be used to increase the natural gas Btu value as a startup fuel prior to introduction of liquid fuel. Naphtha is also available for online transfer to provide security of steam supply in the event of loss of primary fuel.

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