Direct injection gasoline

Zhao, F., D.L. Harrington, and M.C. Lai, Automotive Gasoline Direct-Injection Engines, Warrendale, PA Society of Automotive Engineers, 2002. 

Wyszynski, R, R. Aboagye, R. Stone, and G. Kalghatgi, Combustion imaging and analysis in a gasoline direct injection engine. SAE, 2004-01-0045,2004. 

Iwamoto Y, Noma K, Nakayama O, Yamauchi T, Ando H (1997) Development of gasoline direction injection engine. SAE Paper 970541, doi 10.4271/970541... 

Lean-bum engine technologies such as gasoline direct injection and diesel engines can provide significant improvements in fuel efficiency and performance. 

Exhaust3, component or condition Diesel engine Gasoline stoichiometric engine Gasoline direct injection lean burn engine ... 

Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) gasoline direct Injection DI-Motronic... 

Compared with conventional manifold injection, a reduction in fuel consumption of up to 20% can be achieved by injecting gasoline directly into the combustion chamber. When this is done, the fuel pressure is increased to 120 bar to ensure fuel atomization. From the pressure detected by the sensor (Fig. 7.4.1) the quantity of injected fuel can be derived from the length of injection period. Fig. 7.4.2 shows the main components of gasoline direct-injection systems and pistons indicating the combustion chambers of the engine. 

Fig. 7.4.2 Components of gasoline direct-injection system with high-pressure sensor...

To meet the automotive requirements the design of the high-pressure sensor plays a decisive role with respect to the measurement task. Fig. 7.4.7 shows a cross section of a pressure sensor for gasoline direct injection systems. 

Fig. 7.4.7 Cross section of sensor package for metal thin-film sensor used for gasoline direct injection...

Fig. 7.4.8 shows the results of endurance testing of a metal thin-film high-pressure sensor with the design shown in Fig. 7.4.7. Typical deviations from the ideal characteristic can be seen. The sensor has been tested in a gasoline direct injection car for 162000 km. The deviation is shown for pressures up to 140 bar and temperatures between —40 and 140 °C. Hysteresis can be seen for increasing and decreasing pressures at each measuring temperature. The maximum deviation of about 0.3% FSD demonstrates the long-term stability of the sensor package design and the thin-film technology.

The introduction of ULEV required additional measures to improve lambda control accuracy plus extended malfunction diagnostics [14, 15]. Furthermore, the development of gasoline direct-injection engines and advanced electronic diesel control needed linear lambda control using the whole lambda range of X = 0.7-air. 

Hildenbrand, S., Staudacher, S., Briiggemann, D., Beyrau, E, Weikl, M. C., Seeger, T., and Leipertz, A. "Numerical and Experimental Study of the Vaporization Cooling in Gasoline Direct Injection Sprays." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 31, no. 11 (2007) 3067-73. 

However, with the breaktlirough created for the sake of the two stroke engines in gasoline direct injection, notably by Siemens, or with air injection, (orbital or lAPAC) the 4 stroke lean bum engine is clearly a potential winner for tomorrow s green house engines. Already existing results evidence this forecast. 

P. W. Loustalan, M. H. Davy, Preliminary analysis of the near nozzle break-up from a pressure-swirl atomizer using a void fraction technique, presented at 5th International Congress on Direkteinspritzung im Ottomotor (Gasoline Direct Injection Engines), Essen, Germany, 1-2 July, 2003. 

Keywords Direct injection Gasoline direct injection High-pressure injection Homogeneous-charge compression ignition Low-temperature combustion Port-fuel injection... 

Kuwahara, K., Ueda, K., and Ando, H. (1998) Mixing control strategy for engine performance improvement in a gasoline direct injection engine. SAE Paper 980158. 

Lee, K.H., Lee, C.S. and Joo, Y.C. (2003) Application technique of particle image veloci-metry and entropy analysis to investigate spray structnre for gasoline direct injection injectOT. Measurement Science and Technology, 14 953-964... 

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