Propane liquid

Example 20 Estimate the Density of Saturated Liquid Propane... 

Vaporizing Liquids Certain liquids vaporize with heat (think of steam), and other lit]uids vaporize with a drop in pressure (think of liquid propane or freon). To eontrol vaporizing liquids so they don t change phase in the seal chamber. 

On March 26, 1980, a power shovel was relocating a tank containing 1500 I (750 kg 1650 lb) liquid propane. During maneuvering, the tank fell from the shovel a portion of its contents was releas as a result. After a delay of 30 seconds, the ensuing vapor cloud was ignited. The explosion caused substantial blast and fire damage. There were no casualties. 

Just after 10 00 a.m., a tank filled with approximately 1500 1 (750 kg 1650 lb) of liquid propane was moved by a power shovel. During relocation maneuvering, the tank fell from the shovel and its valve struck against a pile of concrete slabs. The valve was sheared from its flange by the crash, thus allowing the release of propane. 

On March 9,1972, an overturned tractor-semitrailer carrying liquid propane resulted in a propane release. The propane cloud was later ignited. The resulting fire killed two persons five others were injured. 

Hirst, W. J. S., and J. A. Eyre. 1983. Maplin Sands experiments 1980 Combustion of large LNG and refrigerated liquid propane spills on the sea. Heavy Gas and Risk Assessment II. Ed. by S. Hartwig. pp. 211-224. Boston D. Reidel. 

Combustion behavior differed in some respects between continuous and instantaneous spills, and also between LNG and refrigerated liquid propane. For continuous spills, a short period of premixed burning occurred immediately after ignition. This was characterized by a weakly luminous flame, and was followed by combustion of the fuel-rich portions of the plume, which burned with a rather low, bright yellow flame. Hame height increased markedly as soon as the fire burned back to the liquid pool at the spill point, and assumed the tilted, cylindrical shape that is characteristic of a pool fire. 

Radiation effects, as well as combustion behavior, were measured. LNG and refrigerated liquid propane cloud fires exhibited similar surface emissive power values of about 173 kW/m. ... 

Figure 6.32 illustrates results of three fragmentation tests of 4.85-m vessels 50% full of liquid propane. The vessels were constructed of steel (StE 36 unalloyed... 

Estimate fireball diameter and duration. Liquid propane has a specific weight of 585.3 kg/m, so the total mass of propane in the tank is ... 

The use of Figure 9.2 requires that liquid propane s temperature relative to its boiling point and superheat-limit temperature be known. Table 6.1 gives these temperatures T, = 231 K, and T j = 326 K. It is obvious that the liquid temperature can easily rise above the superheat-limit temperature when the vessel is exposed to a fire. Therefore, the explosively flashing-liquid method must be selected. The... 

The speciflc work done by the fluid in expansion can be read from Figures 6.30 or 6.31 if its temperature is unknown. Saturated propane at a pressure of 1.9 MPa (19 bar) has a temperature of 328 K, almost the superheat-limit temperature. Note that it is assumed that temperature is uniform, which is not necessarily the case. From Figure 6.30, the expansion work per unit mass for saturated liquid propane is... 

The mass of released liquid propane is 11,958 kg, as was calculated in Section 9.1.6. This gives, for the energy of the explosion for the saturated liquid ... 

The specific work done by a fluid in expansion is read from Figure 6.31 saturated liquid butane 21 MJ/m saturated butane vapor 2.5 MJ/m saturated liquid propane 30 MJ/m saturated propane vapor 8 MJ/m ... 

In the first case, internal temperature rises slowly, so the liquid propane is also heated. At failure, the liquid temperature will be above superheat limit temperature, and it will flash on release. 

A tube has failed in one of the four condensers about once every three years. If a condenser tube fails, the affected condenser can be removed from service by closing four isolation valves (propane vapor inlet valve), liquid propane outlet valve, cooling water supply valve, and cooling water return valve). However, if a tube fails, it is essential that the operator close the two propane isolation valves before closing the two water isolation valves. Closing the two water valves first would allow pressure to build on the tube side of the condenser and rupture the tube head. 

Upon release from a pressurized container, propane vaporizes immediately. This property makes liquid propane economical to store and to transport by pipeline, rail, barge, or truck. Because they are relatively light, propane tanks and canisters can be carried... 

Hydrocarbons heavier than methane that are present in natural gases are valuable raw materials and important fuels. They can be recovered by lean oil extraction. The first step in this scheme is to cool the treated gas by exchange with liquid propane. The cooled gas is then washed with a cold hydrocarbon liquid, which dissolves most of the condensable hydrocarbons. The uncondensed gas is dry natural gas and is composed mainly of methane with small amounts of ethane and heavier hydrocarbons. The condensed hydrocarbons or natural gas liquids (NGL) are stripped from the rich solvent, which is recycled. Table 1-2 compares the analysis of natural gas before and after treatment. Dry natural gas may then be used either as a fuel or as a chemical feedstock. 

Liquid propane is a selective hydrocarbon solvent used to separate paraffinic constituents in lube oil base stocks from harmful asphaltic materials. It is also a refrigerant for liquefying natural gas and used for the recovery of condensable hydrocarbons from natural gas. 

On the other hand, liquid propane also has a high affinity for paraffinic hydrocarbons. Propane deasphalting removes asphaltic materials from heavy lube oil base stocks. These materials reduce the viscosity index of lube oils. In this process, liquid propane dissolves mainly paraffinic hydrocarbons and leaves out asphaltic materials. Higher extraction temperatures favor better separation of the asphaltic components. Deasphalted oil is stripped to recover propane, which is recycled. 

The great advantage of LPGs is that they are stored as a liquid. However, they are usually used as a gas. One volume of liquid propane when released at STP gives 274 volumes (233 for butane) of high calorific value fuel gas. 

Liquid propane and butane will vaporize rapidly if released into the open air, and if they come into contact with bare skin will cause painful freeze burns. Therefore gloves and goggles should always be worn if there is a danger of liquid LPG being released or spilt. 

Bottled gas. These cylinders contain liquid propane (C3MB) and liquid butane (C4H10I... 

Because of their inherent penetrating smell, certain organic sulfur compounds are used for odorization. Repellents from the skunk contain compounds such as trans-2-butene-l-thiol and 3-methyl-1-butanethiol. Ethylmercaptan, because of its extremely low odor threshold, is the favorite compound used as an odorant in natural gas and liquid propane for leak detection. Tetrahydro-thiophene is also often used. Common odorization reagents are summarized in Table 15-1 and Figures 15-1 to 15-3. 

For jet fuel the energy of explosion is 18,590 Btu/lb and the molecular weight is 160. 6-30. You have decided to purchase a 500-gal tank of liquid propane (C3H8) to heat your house during the winter. You are concerned about tank rupture and the possibility of a vapor cloud explosion of all the propane. How far away (in ft) must the tank be from the house to ensure that your house will receive only minor damage from an explosion The specific gravity of liquid propane is 0.500, and the energy of explosion for propane is 503.9 kcal/g-mol. 

Duo-Sol A process for separating aromatic from aliphatic hydrocaibons by partition between two solvents. The first solvent (Selecto or Selectox) is a mixture of phenol and cresylic acids the second is liquid propane. Developed by the Max B. Miller Company and licensed by Milwhite Company. 

Liquid propane Liquid ethane Liquid helium -185°C Highly hazardous, as it can be explosive when mixed with oxygen Can be explosive Useful in coating a metal freezing surface... 

Cold block slamming that can be sprayed into liquid propane Rapid slamming of a specimen against a copper block cooled with liquid helium or liquid nitrogen complicated and expensive method... 

Massive metallurgical weld failure of liquid propane tank... 

Contractor cut live liquid propane releasing contents which were feed by salt dome reservoir. Explosion and fire impacted fire pumps. 

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