Lipids gas chromatography mass spectrometry

Christie, W.W., Brechany, E.Y., Johnson, S.B. and Holman, R.T. (1986) A comparison of pyrrolidine and piclinyl ester derivatives for the identification of fatty acids in natural samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Lipids, 21, 657-661. 

See also Carbohydrates Overview. Elemental Speciation Overview. Food and Nutritional Analysis Overview. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Lipids Overview. Liquid Chromatography Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Food Applications. Mass Spectrometry Overview Principles Ionization Methods Overview Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques Eiectrospray Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/lonization Pyrolysis. Proteins Traditional Methods of Sequence Determination. Vitamins Overview. 

Selke, E., Frankel, E.N. and Neff, W.E. Thermal decomposition of methyl oleate hydroperoxides and identification of volatile components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Lipids 13, 511-513 (1978). 

Acids by Computerized Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Lipids 15(9) 764-769 (1980) CA 94 43439h... 

Argoudelis, C.J. and Perkins, E.G. (1968), Determination of double bond position in mono-unsaturated fatty acids using combination gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Lipids, 3,379. 

Bethell, P. H., R. P. Evershed, and L. J. Goad (1993), The investigation of lipids, in Lambert, J. B. and G. Grufoe (eds.), Organic Residues by Gas Chromatography /Mass Spectrometry Applications to Palaeodietary Studies, Archaeology at the Molecular Level, Springer, Berlin, pp. 227-255. 

Gharaibeh, A. A. Voorhess, K. J. Characterization of lipid fatty acids in whole-cell microorganisms using in situ supercritical fluid derivatization/extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1996,68,2805-2810. 

F.O. Giilagar, A. Buchs, A. Susini, Capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry and identification of substituted carboxylic acids in lipids extracted from a 4000 year old Nubian burial, Journal of Chromatography, 479, 61 72 (1989). 

J.M. Challinor, A rapid simple pyrolysis derivatisation gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for profiling of fatty acids in trace quantities of lipids, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 37,185 197 (1996). 

Hughes H, Smith CV, Tsokos-Kuhn JO and Mitchell JR. 1986. Quantitation of lipid peroxidation products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 152(1) 107—112. 

The potential for the preservation of lipids is relatively high since by definition they are hydrophobic and not susceptible to hydrolysis by water, unlike most amino acids and DNA. A wide range of fatty acids, sterols, acylglycerols, and wax esters have been identified in visible surface debris on pottery fragments or as residues absorbed into the permeable ceramic matrix. Isolation of lipids from these matrices is achieved by solvent extraction of powdered samples and analysis is often by the powerful and sensitive technique of combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS see Section 8.4). This approach has been successfully used for the identification of ancient lipid residues, contributing to the study of artifact... 

Guido DM, McKenna R, Mathews WR. 1993. Quantitation of hydroperoxy- eicosatetraenoic acids and hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids as indicators of lipid peroxidation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 209 123-129. 

Christie, W.W. (1998) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for structural analysis of fatty acids. Lipids 33, 343-353. A detailed description of the methods used to obtain data such as those presented in Figure 10-24. 

T Rezanka, M Podojil. Preparative separation of algal polar lipids and of individual molecular species by high performance liquid chromatography and their identification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 463 397-408, 1989. 

Dasgupta, A., Banerjee, P. and Malik, S., Use of microwave irradiation for rapid transesterification of lipids and accelerated synthesis of fatty acyl pyrrolidides for analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry study of fatty acid profiles of olive oil, evening primrose oil, fish oils and phospholipids from mango pulp,... 

Figure 14.5. Fatty acids patterns of soils under long-term monoculture, (a) Lipid extract of soil under maize, unfertilized, after derivatization with tetramethylammonium hydroxide determined by conventional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in comparison to direct, in-source pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) without derivatization (Jandl et al., unpublished), (b) Py-FIMS of lipid extract of soil under rye, farmyard manure (FYM) treatment, compared to solid extraction residue, both directly measured without derivatization. Reprinted from Marschner, B., Brodowski, S., Dreves, A., et al. (2008). How relevant is recalcitrance for the stabilization of organic matter in soils Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171, 91-110, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

In lipidomics, MS can be used either by direct infusion, that is, by the so-called shotgun MS, or in combination with chromatographic separation, typically LC and sometimes also with GC. Both approaches have their own advantages and limitations. Most targeted lipid analyses are performed with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), while the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is utilized only for the analysis of fatty acids and some steroids. In addition, surface analysis by MS has been applied in lipid analysis of intact tissues. 

Van den Berg, J.J.M., Winterbourn, C.C., Kuypers, F.A. 1993. Hypochlorus acid-mediated modification of cholesterol and phospholipids analysis of reaction products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Lipid Res. 34, 2005-2012. 

Virtually all volatile aromatic and flavorsome lipid-derived compounds are analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The components of interest are isolated initially, concentrated, then injected onto a suitable capillary column and detected using a mass spectrometer. 

Frega N. Mozzon M. Bocci F. 1998. Identification and estimation of tocotrienols in the annatto lipid fraction by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. J. AOCS 75 1723-1727. 

The development of objectionable flavor compounds by oxidation has significant detrimental effects on consumer acceptability of edible oils. In the last four decades, much progress has been made in the chemistry of volatile products of lipid oxidation, mainly as a result of advances in separation techniques and analytical methodology, particularly gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 

Frega, N., Mozzon, M., and Bocci, F. 1998. Identification and Estimation of Tocotrienols in the Annatto Lipid Fraction by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc. 75 1723-1727. 

Lipids tend to survive better than other organic compounds in archaeological contexts and are amenable to sensitive methods of analysis such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Their insolubility in water increases then-chances for survival. Lipids have been recovered from sediments that are millions of years old and have been identified in materials where no cellular structure remains. Lipids are also important because of their specificity. Certain kinds of lipids differ greatly not only between plants and animals, but among the various families and genera of plants and animals. 

Using HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Mabuchi and Nakahashi (M6) and Takeda et al. (T2) have identified the compound as 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) (Fig. 5). This substance, first detected in normal urine (S31) and later in uremic sera (L9, M3), belongs to a new class of endogenous metabolites called urofuranic acids (Fig. 6). Although fiiranoid fatty acids with similar chemical structures have been found in lipids in the liver and testes of several fish species, the source and metabolism of... 

Chen, J., Liu, Z., Song, R, and Liu, S. (1998). Analysis of chemical constituents in lipid from musk-rat musk by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fenxi Huaxue 26, 1142-1145. 

Brooks, P.W., Cardoso, J.N., Didyk, B., Eglinton, G., Humbertson, M.J. and Maxwell, J.R., 1977. Analysis of lipid fractions from environmental and geological sources by computerised gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In R. Campos and J. Goni (Editors), Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 1975. Enadimsa, Madrid, pp. 433—453. 

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