Fatty acid profiles

Table 17.2a Fatty acid profile of rice bran oil and peanut oil (%)...

Beauchemin et al., 2008) and depend on the level of supplementation, the lipid source and fatty acid profile, and the type of diet. 

Quantitative estimates of microbial and community structure by means of analysis of the phospholipid fraction have been performed on. sediments, water (135), and dust (136) as well as. soil (137-141). The method is applicable to the study of mixed populations of varying degrees of complexity and is relatively straightforward to perform. A selection of studies involving the analysis of fatty acid profiles of environmental samples are outlined in Table 6. 

Changes in the fatty acid profiles of mixed microbial communities may be used in a similar way to detect stress responses or periods of activity. 

Quinones, lipid-soluble substances involved in electron transport, can also be used as biomarkers. Lipski et al. (155) u.sed quinone analyses, physiological tests, and fatty acid profiles to differentiate Gram-negative non-fermentative bacteria isolated from biofilters. Quinone type was found to be an efficient method to group isolates prior to the analysis of results from the physiological tests. The detection of quinones appears to be restricted to the discrimination of isolated colonies and has limited potential to the analysis of mixed populations. 

J. B. Guckert, M. A. Hood, and D. C. White, Phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid profile changes during nutrient deprivation of Vibrio cholerae increases in the irans/cis ratio and the proportions of cyclopropyl fatty acids, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52 794 (1986). 

Stead, D. E. Sellwood, J. E. Wilson, J. Viney, I. Evaluation of a commercial microbial identification system based on fatty acid profiles for rapid, accurate identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. /. Appl. Bacteriol. 1992, 72, 315-321. 

Livesley, M. A. Thompson, I. P. Gern, L. Nuttall, P. A. Analysis of intra-specific variation in the fatty acid profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1993, 139, 2197-2201. 

Xu, M. Voorhees, K. J. Hadfield,T. L. Repeatability and pattern recognition of bacterial fatty acid profiles generated by direct mass spectrometric analysis of in situ thermal hydrolysis/methylation of whole cells. Talanta 2003,59, 577-589. 

Current targets for a reduction in the total fat content of the diet are accompanied by recommendations to reduce the proportion of saturated fats in the diet in favour of unsaturated forms. In this context, organic practices, especially those for animal husbandry and feeding are more likely to result in products with lower fat content (see for example Hansson et al., 2000, and Chapter 9, Section 9.5 of this publication). Manipulating the fatty acid profile... 

Butler, G., Nielsen, J.H., Slots, T., Sanderson, R.A., Eyre, M.D. and Leifert, C. (2007a), Effect of low input dairy management systems on milk composition - I. Fatty acid profiles . Journal of Dairy Science, submitted. 

Bossio DA, Scow KM, Gunapala N, Graham KJ (1998) Determinants of soil microbial communities Effects of agricultural management, season, and soil type on phospholipid fatty acid profiles. Microb Ecol 36 1-12... 

Barrado, E., Jimenez, F., Prieto, F., Nuevo, C. Food Chem. 81, 2003, 13-20. The use of fatty-acid profiles of the lipids of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to differentiate tissue and dietary feed. 

Blanco-Gomis, D., Mangas, A. J. J., Margolles, C. I., Arias, A. P. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 50, 2002, 1097-1100. Characterization of cider apples on the basis of their fatty acid profiles. 

Petersen, S. O., Debosz, K., Schonning, P., Christensen, B. T. and S. Elmholt (1997). Phospholid fatty acid profiles and C availability in wet-stable maero-aggregates from conventionally and organieally farmed soils. Geoderma 78 181-196. 

Krajcovicova-Kudlackova, M., Simoncic, R., Bederova, A., and Klva-nova, J. (1997) Plasma fatty acid profile and alternative nutrition. Ann Nutr Metab 41 365-370. 

Rondanelli, M., Giacosa, A., Opizzi, A., Pelucchi, C., La Vecchia, C., Montorfano, G., Negroni, M., Berra, B., Politi, P., and Rizzo, A. (2011). Long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in the treatment of elderly depression Effects on depressive symptoms, on phospholipids fatty acids profile and on health-related quality of life. J. Nutr. Health Aging 15, 37-44. 

Milk fats, especially ruminant fats, contain a very wide range of fatty acids more than 400 and 184 distinct adds have been detected in bovine and human milk fats, respectively (Christie, 1995). However, the vast majority of these occur at only trace concentrations. The concentrations of the principal fatty acids in milk fats from a range of species are shown in Table 3.6. Notable features of the fatty acid profiles of milk lipids include ... 

Synthesis of fatty acids via the malonyl CoA pathway does not proceed beyond palmitic acid (C16 0) and mammary tissue contains an enzyme, thioacylase, capable of releasing the acyl fatty acid from the carrier protein at any stage between C4 and C16. Probable interspecies differences in the activity of thioacylase may account for some of the interspecies differences in milk fatty acid profiles. 

Ellingson, J. S., Smith, M., Larson, L. R. Phospholipid composition and fatty acid profiles of the phospholipids of bovine predentin. Calc. Tiss. Res. 24, 127 (1977)... 

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