Future considerations, environmental

However, palm oil producers, especially Malaysia still need to convince the public that they consider seriously the matter of sustainability. They have the conscience to protect the environment and put a perfect balance between economic consideration, environmental issues, and future sustenance. In the context of palm oil as source of edible oil and fermentative substrates for PHA biosynthesis or as far as food security issue is concerned, it is the responsibility of the oil palm industries to ensure sufficient supply of edible oil to meet both current and future demands (Berck and Bigman 1993). If this could be achieved, then we can ensure the uninterrupted supply of palm oil for PHA production without affecting palm oil-based food industries. 

All the above examples were accompbshed by a robust and relatively easy technology that, in the near future, could be a serious alternative to conventional polymer chemistry, especially if we take into consideration environmental concerns. By this clean procedure, we can produce economical and complex materials that would outperform the efficiency of the existing petroleum-based polymers. GEPBPs are expanding the hmits of macromolecular functionality to territories never before imagined. 

This review is written with the hope that it will provide some ideas and help for the investigators seeking methods for preconcentrating various species from the aqueous environment. Although the attempt was made to report examples of the techniques for most of the priority inorganic pollutants in several matrices, in some cases this was not possible. In some places we have referred to methods of interest that have not yet been applied to environmental analysis and to other procedures that have not been used analytically. Many publications exist which have not been included in this review due to repetition or similarity of a method or due to the inadequacy of the literature search we offer our regrets and we hope that readers will indicate to us important papers for future consideration. We... 

Much of the bromine output in the U.S. was used in the production of ethylene dibromide, a lead scavenger used in making gasoline antiknock compounds. Lead in gasoline, however, has been drastically reduced, due to environmental considerations. This will greatly affect future production of bromine. 

The future use of lead may be decided by the resolution of an environmental paradox. Some markets for lead are being phased out because of environmental concerns, eg, the use of tetraethyllead as a gasoline additive. However, a 1990 State of California law and similar laws in nine eastern U.S. states require that 2% of new cars meet 2ero-emission standards in 1998. By 2003 this requirement rises to 10% of new vehicles. Zero emission vehicles are generally accepted to mean electric, ie, battery powered cars, and there is considerable research effort to bring suitable electric vehicles to market by 1998. 

Future technology developments in paraffin alkylation will be greatly influenced by environmental considerations. The demand for alkylate product will continue to increase because alkylate is one of the most desirable components in modern low emission gasoline formulations. Increased attention will be focused on improving process safety, reducing waste disposal requirements, and limiting the environmental consequences of any process emissions. 

In future, the economics of electric power generation is likely to be affected considerably by the amount of CO2 produced and the level of any environmental penalty... 

Keeping the same format as the first edition, the text begins with coverage of the basic principles underpinning the environmental behavior and effects of organic pollutants. It then describes the properties and ecotoxicology of major pollutants and explores future prospects. In the last section, the author discusses some issues that arise after consideration of the material in the second part of the text. 

The text is divided into three parts. The first deals with the basic principles underlying the environmental behavior and effects of organic pollutants the second describes the properties and ecotoxicology of major pollutants in reasonable detail the last discusses some issues that arise after consideration of the material in the second part of the text, and looks at future prospects. The groups of compounds represented in the second part of the book are all regarded as pollutants rather than simply contaminants, because they have the potential to cause adverse biological effects at realistic environmental levels. In most cases these effects have been well documented under environmental conditions. The term adverse effects includes harmful effects upon individual organisms, as well as effects at the level of population and above. 

At the end of the project, a set of research gaps to be taken into consideration for the future have been identified such as the lack of data about chemicals in products as well as their emission to the environmental compartments, the need to assess the risk of chemical mixtures and not the chemicals by themselves, or the necessity of optimizing the current legislation on chemicals. 

Although chlorination with sodium dichloroisocyanurate is still by far the most commonly used method of shrink-resist finishing, there is considerable concern over the environmental influence of its AOX contribution. For this reason, its usefulness could decline in future and there has been considerable investigation of alternatives to this attractively cost-effective treatment. 

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