Functionalized Poly phenylene ether

One useful method to improve the compatibility between resins is to introduce suitable comonomers in the chain. Another method is to modify the end groups of the polymer. Functionalized poly(phenylene ether) resins can be obtained through a redistribution reaction with a functionalized phenolic compound in the polymerization reaction. In the redistribution reaction of PPE with phenolic compounds, the PPE is split into shorter chains with the phenolic compound incorporated in the PPE. 

S. B. Brown, C.-F. R. Hwang, H. Ishida, J. J. Scobbo, Jr., and J. B. Yates, III. Functional poly(phenylene ether)/poly(arylene sulfide)/epoxy function alpha olefin elastomer/elastomeric block copolymer/metal salt compositions and process for making thereof. US Patent 6303708, assigned to General Electric Company (Pittsfield, MA), October 16, 2001. 

A. B. Newton and J. B. Rose. Relative reactivities of the functional groups involved in synthesis of poly(phenylene ether sulphones) from halogenated derivatives of diphenyl sulphone. Polymer, 13(10) 465 74, October 1972. 

Blends of PAS, poly(phenylene ether), with a polyester resin and a compatibilizer have been described. The polyester should be aromatic, e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(cyclohexylenedimethanol tere-phthalate), and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). Because of the tendency of polyesters to undergo hydrolytic degradation at the high extrusion and molding temperatures encountered by the compositions, it is preferred that the polyester be substantially free of water. Orthoesters or epoxide-functionalized compounds are suitable compatibilizers [49]. 

PP poly(propylene), PS poly(styrene), MAH maleic anhydride, MA methacrylic acid, S styrene, PE poly(ethylene), PPE poly(phenylene ether), LDPE low-density PE, EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, SAN styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, EPR ethylene-propylene copolymer, NMAC A -methacrylyl caprolactam, GMA glycidyl methacrylate, FA fumaric acid, AEFO anhydride and epoxide functionalized olefin copolymer, SEBS styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene copolymer, HDPE high-density PE, AN acrylonitrile, and S-MAH-MMA styrene-maleic anhydride-methyl methacrylate copolymer. 

One class of aromatic polyethers consists of polymers with only aromatic rings and ether linkages ia the backbone poly(phenylene oxide)s are examples and are the principal emphasis of this article. A second type contains a wide variety of other functional groups ia the backbone, ia addition to the aromatic units and ether linkages. Many of these polymers are covered ia other articles, based on the other fiinctionahty (see Polymers containing sulfur, POLYSULFONES). 

The effect of a second polymer blended with PPS which causes enhanced nucleation of PPS has been previously observed. It was found that low concentrations (1—2 wt %) of poly(phenylene sulfide ketone) and poly(ether ether ketone), when melt-blended with PPS, function effectively to increase the nucleation density of PPS (149). 

The polymer redistribution reaction with functionalized dendrimers has been investigated by Van Aert et al. for the case of the transetherification of poly-(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene ether) (PPE) by means of phenols attached to dendrimers [143]. The number average molecular weight of the arms is controlled by the ratio of moles of PE units and the moles of added phenol. The phenols have been attached to poly(propylene imine) dendrimers by means of a tert-butyloxycarbonyl tyrosine(Scheme 19a). The redistribution rate is slow but can be increased by adding CuCl / 4-dimethylaminopyridine catalyst. Oxygen-free... 

Ether groups are present in polymers containing other functionalities in the backbone. Among these are the a/f-polymers poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene) or poly(aryl ether ketone) or poly(ether ketone) or PEK, poly(aryl ether ether ketone) or PEEK, poly(aryl ether ketone ketone) or PEKK, poly(aryl ether ketone ether ketone ketone) or PEKEKK, etc. The structures of PEK and PEEK are shown below ... 

In the past decade, a variety of convergent syntheses have been developed, incorporating a wide range of functionalities. While many are imaginative, only a few have proven sufficiently versatile and efficient to see consistent use since they were first reported. By far the most widely used convergent syntheses are the poly (aryl ether), developed by Frechet and co-workers, and the poly(aryl alkyne) developed by Moore and co-workers. Other noteworthy syntheses include those of the poly(phenylene), the poly (alkyl ester), the poly (aryl alkene), and the poly (alkyl ether) dendrimers. All of these syntheses will be described in more detail below. 

In addition to the polymers described above, the MALDI technique has also been employed for the characterization of several synthetic polymeric materials. The literature reports the MALDI characterization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(ether sulfone) (PES), poly(dimethyl phenylene oxide) (PDMPO), and functionalized poly(p-phenylene)s. Analysis by MALDI-TOF of aromatic polyethers (such as PEEK), can be found, and several macrocyclic samples were also characterized by MALDI-TOF. ... 

Anionic and Cationic Polymerizations o Radical Polymerization Advances o Coordination Polymerizations 0 Step-Growth Polymerization Advances 0 Synthesis of Tactic Polymers o Stereoblock Copolymers o Dispersion Polymerizations o Cellulosic Graft Copolymers o Diels-Alder Polymer Forming Reactions o A New Path To Phenolic Resins o Nitrogen Heterocycle Polymerizations o Optically Active Polymers o Poly (Phenylene Sulfide) o Poly (Aryl Ethers) o (Poly (Aryl Ether Sulfones) o Epoxy and Isocyanate Resin Replacement o Azlactone Functionalized Oligomers o Epoxy Resin-Isocyanate Reactions o Chelating Polymers o Oxazoline Functionalized Polymers o Poly (Alkyl Methacrylates) o Macromers... 

Figure 13 Attenuation plots for a variety of polymer systems as a function of temperature (a) poly(phenylene sulfide) (b) poly(ether sulfone) (c) polyester DMC (d) copoly(acrylonitrile/styrene/acrylate) (e) poly(acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene) (f) polystyrene (toughened) (g) polyester resin (h) melamine formaldehyde (i) polyimide (j) ekonol (k) nylon 6 (1) poly-(phenylene oxide) (m) polypropylene (n) phenol formaldehyde (o) poly(vinyl chloride) (rigid) (p) poly(vinyl chloride)...

Recently macromonomers derived from polycondensates have been prepared and studied by Percec. Poly(phenylene oxide) and poly(ether sulfone) have been functionalized with terminal methacrylic ester unsaturations by means of phase transfer catalysis, using the functions located at the chain ends of the polycondensates. 

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