Aryl ethers, sulfonation

Herbert and Hay reported a bisphenolic monomer, 3,8-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-A-phenyl-1,2-naphthalimide (Table 6.1), as well as its corresponding polyf V-phenyl imido aryl ether sulfone) via transimidization reactions with hydrazine monohydrate, aliphatic amines, and an amino acid.193 These polysulfones with... 

Another class of polyarylene-based PEMs that has been extensively studied, primarily by Hickner et al.,i44 is the sulfonated poly(aryl ether sulfone)s... 

Poly(aryl ether sulfone) Dimethyl sulfoxide, DMF Alcohol, ether... 

Within the past several years, improvements in the toughening of high-temperature epoxies and other reactive thermosets, such as cyanate esters and bismaleimides, have been accomplished through the incorporation of engineering thermoplastics. Additions of poly(arylene ether ketone) or PEK and poly(aryl ether sulfone) or PES have been found to improve fracture toughness. Direct addition of these thermoplastics generally improves fracture toughness but results in decreased tensile properties and reduced chemical resistance. 

Hedrick, J.L. Yilgdr, I. Wilkes, G.L. McGrath, J.E. Chemical modification of matrix resin networks with engineering thermoplastics. I. Phenolic hydroxyl terminated poly(aryl ether sulfone)-epoxy systems. Polym. Bull. 1985, 13, 201-208. 

Employing an HIPE technique, poly(aryl ether sulfone) monoliths were obtained by the copolymerization of maleimide-terminated aryl ether sulfone macromonomer with styrene, DVB, or bis-vinyl ether in a solution in which petroleum ether (80% by volume) was dispersed [373]. The resulting product possessed an open-cell structure with porous cell walls and enlarged thermostability compared with poly(styrene-co-DVB) mono-hths. Unfortunately the utilization of the material as a possible medium for chromatographic separation has not been reported. 

Non-hydrolyzable divalent metal oxides or sulfides, such as zinc oxide or zinc sulfide, are good stabilizers for poly(aryl ether sulfone)s. Organic aromatic phosphite and diphosphonite compounds were used as stabilizers. These compounds are shown in Figure 6.4. 

M. Shibata, J. Cao, and R. Yosomiya. Synthesis and properties of the block copolymers of poly(ether ether ketone) and the poly(aryl ether sulfone) containing biphenylene moiety. Polymer, 38(12) 3103-3108, June 1997. 

B. L. Dickinson, M. J. El-Hibri, and M. E. Sauers. Poly(aryl ether sulfone) compositions comprising poly(phenylene ether sulfone). US Patent 5 174958, assigned to Amoco Corporation (Chicago, IL), December 29, 1992. 

In general, ether linkages in the polymer chains are less susceptible to the THM reactions than ester and carbonate bonds. In some cases, however, the ethers are also subjected to be hydrolyzed almost quantitatively by TMAH into methyl ethers, depending on the properties of the neighboring units to the ether linkages. The ether bonds in poly(aryl ether sulfones) (PSUs) are a typical example. ... 

Iij lijima, T., Hiraoka, H., Tomoi, M. Preparation of epoxy-terminated poly (aryl ether sulfone)s and their use as modifiers for epoxy resins. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 45 (1992) 709-721. 

A highly porous polymeric foam can be prepared through emulsion templating by polymerizing the continuous phase of high internal phase emulsions [150], A maleimide-terminated aryl ether sulfone oligomer was copolymerized with divinylbenzene in the continuous phase, using a mixed surfactants system, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, dodecylbenzene-sulfonic acid sodium salt, and a peroxide initiator. The polymers show a CO2 adsorption and improved mechanical properties. The materials exhibit an open cell and a secondary pore structure with surface areas of a 400 m g ... 

El-Hibri MJ, Nazabal J, Equiazabal JI, Arzak A. Poly(aryl ether sulfone)s. Plast Eng 1997 41 893-930. 

El-Hibri MJ, Dickinson BL. Plumbing articles from poly(aryl ether sulfones). US patent 6329493, assigned to BP Corporation North America Inc., Chicago, IL 2001. 

From 2,5-bis(4-lluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxypheny)propane bisphenol A and 3, 3-disulfonate-4 4-dichloro diphenyl sulfone, a poly(aryl ether sulfone) containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties was obtained [65]. From this polymer, proton exchange membranes have been fabricated. The sulfonated polyoxadiazole membranes exhibit excellent thermal, dimensional and oxidative stability, and a low methanol diffusion coefficient. Thus, these sulfonated polyoxadiazole membranes may be alternative materials for proton exchange membranes at medium to high temperature operations. 

Xu J, Ren C, Cheng H, Ma L, Wang Z. Sulfonated poly(aryl ether sulfone) containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole as proton exchange membranes for medium-high temperature fuel cells. J Polym Res 2013 20(7). 

In the polymer industry a recurring problem is the presence of particles in the product. An example is shown in Figure 3. The particle was 0.1 mm in diameter and was embedded in a poly(aryl ether sulfone) film. The spectra are very similar, showing that the particle is not an inorganic contaminant. The decreased absorbance at 760 cm shows that the... 

Figure 3 Offset infrared spectra of a microtomed section of poly(aryl ether sulfone) film. Top normal film, bottom particle in film. (Reproduced with permission from Chalmers JM and Everall N (1995) The role of vibrational spectroscopy-microscopy techniques in polymer characterisation. Macromoiecuiar Symposia 9 33-49 Wiley-VCH.)...

Poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene sulfoneyl-1,4-phenylene), also called poly(aryl ether sulfone) PES Poly(ethylene terephthalate) 485.2 70.98 241.2 497 [178] ar,a of local segmental motion from dynamic mechanical measurement of G (co) from 1 to 10 " Hz in the temperature range from 485 to 516 K and Ta ranging from 10 " to 10 s. 

Cureton, L. T. Turner, S. R., Synthesis and Properties of Bisphenol A-Terphe-nyl Poly(aryl ether sulfone)-Polydimethylsiloxane Segmented Block Copolymers. Eur. Polym. J. 2011,47, 2303-2310. 

Anionic and Cationic Polymerizations o Radical Polymerization Advances o Coordination Polymerizations 0 Step-Growth Polymerization Advances 0 Synthesis of Tactic Polymers o Stereoblock Copolymers o Dispersion Polymerizations o Cellulosic Graft Copolymers o Diels-Alder Polymer Forming Reactions o A New Path To Phenolic Resins o Nitrogen Heterocycle Polymerizations o Optically Active Polymers o Poly (Phenylene Sulfide) o Poly (Aryl Ethers) o (Poly (Aryl Ether Sulfones) o Epoxy and Isocyanate Resin Replacement o Azlactone Functionalized Oligomers o Epoxy Resin-Isocyanate Reactions o Chelating Polymers o Oxazoline Functionalized Polymers o Poly (Alkyl Methacrylates) o Macromers... 

Q. Zhang, E. Gong, S. Zhang, S. Li, Novel side-chain-type cardo poly(aryl ether sulfone) bearing pendant sulfoalkyl groups for proton exchange membranes, J. Memb. Sci. 367 (1-2) (2011) 166-173. 

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