Scoring systems

A rough indication of the relative importance of different mechanisms of uptake and loss is given by a scoring system on the scale -t-> Within each category of organ-... 

Muir KW, Weir CJ, Murray GD, Povey C, Lees KR. Comparison of neurological scales and scoring systems for acute stroke prognosis. Stroke 1996 27 1817-1820. 

Several scoring systems are available for assessing the severity of the pneumonia the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), Confusion, Urea, Respiratory Rate, and Blood Pressure (CURB), and CURB-65 (those 65 years and older).9,24 Some... 

A scoring system was fixed to simplify expression of the test results (table 3). 

Table 3 Scoring System of the Test on Bactericidal Activity...

There are various severity of illness scoring systems for sepsis and trauma (R11). Severity scoring can be used, in conjunction with other risk factors, to anticipate and evaluate outcomes, such as hospital mortality rate. The most widely used system is the Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) classification system (K12). The APACHE III was developed to more accurately predict hospital mortality for critically ill hospitalized adults (K13). It provides objective probability estimates for critically ill hospitalized patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs). For critically ill posttrauma patients with sepsis or SIRS, another system for physiologic quantitative classification and severity stratification of the host defense response was described recently (R11). However, this Physiologic State Severity Classification (PSSC) has yet not been applied routinely in ICU setting. 

With respect to both the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascade systems, in 28 patients who developed septic shock a relation was found between lowered plasma levels of F-XII and antithrombin III and elevated levels of PAI-1 and thrombin-antithrombin III complexes at the diagnosis of sepsis and the severity of disease, expressed according to the APACHE II scoring system (L7). Nevertheless, administration of inhibitors of coagulation or enhancement of fibrinolysis did not improve the outcome in patients with sepsis (B35). 

Figure 6.14 Schematic representation of the scoring system the example illustrated uses the Reference Center set of HER2/Chl7 ratios obtained for the SK-BR3 cell line at Run 4. In this case the lowest ratio obtained by a Reference Center was 3.19, and the highest was 4.10 participants submitting ratios within this range were judged to have achieved an appropriate result (score = 3). The lower cutoff for acceptable ratios (score = 2) was calculated as 3.19 minus 10% of 3.19, that is 2.87 and the upper cutoff was calculated as 4.10 plus 10% of 4.10, that is 4.51. Participants who submitted ratios outside these 10% cutoffs were judged to have achieved an inappropriate result and received a score of 1. Except in the case of the MDA-MB-453 cell line, misdiagnosis (amplified reported as nonamplified, and vice versa) resulted in a score of 0. Superscript notation and abbreviation used in figure Does not apply to results obtained for MDA-MB-453 cell line RC, Reference Center. See color insert.

There are a number of different performance scoring systems used in proficiency testing schemes. The most commonly used system is the z-score, which... 

There are a number of other scoring systems but these are not as widely used as the z-score system. En numbers take into account the expanded uncertainty in the assigned value (Um ) and the expanded uncertainty in the participant s result... 

In Section 7.3.3, we learned about one of the most common scoring systems used in proficiency testing - the z-score - and how laboratory performance can be judged as being satisfactory, questionable or unsatisfactory. How should a laboratory act on the performance scores it receives Action should be considered in the following situations ... 

The reliability of the data is a key initial consideration in filtering out unreliable studies, so focusing on more reliable studies. Klimisch et al (a. 17) have developed a scoring system for checking reliability (Table 15). 

They are quantitative and qualitative tests with scoring systems generally capable of ranking materials as to relative hazard. 

Jones TD, Walsh PJ, Zeighami EA. 1985. Permissible concentrations of chemicals in air and water derived from RTECS entries A "rash" chemical scoring system. Toxicol Ind Health 1 213-234. 

Scoring systems are set up to quantitatively calculate how well the ligand docks with the active site in terms of alignment, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, flexibilities of both the ligands and protein in the binding process as they accommodate each other have to be considered. 

We would like to thank Roger Olsen, Jim Lavelle, Paul Nathanall, Jimmy McLaughlin, and Tessa Greally for useful discussions In the development of the scoring system. 

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