Precision defined

The standards for tests, which are cited in reference to the standards for characteristics. In order for a client and his supplier to compare their results during a commercial transaction, it is important that their laboratories rigorously follow the same operating procedures. The procedures are thus precisely defined in the standards. 

The measuring probe is characterized by indication directions, what allows for the precise defining of directions of maximum tensile as well as compressive stress activity. 

The values are precisely defined only for a given nitric acid concentration, as the dependence of rate on nitric acid concentration varies from one compound to another... 

One of the major factors in determining the structures of the substances that can be thought of as made up of cations and anions packed together is ionic size. It is obvious from the nature of wave functions that no ion has a precisely defined radius. However, with the insight afforded by electron... 

There is hardly a metal that cannot, or has not, been joined by some welding process. From a practical standpoint, however, the range of alloy systems that may be welded is more restricted. The term weldability specifies the capacity of a metal, or combination of metals, to be welded under fabrication conditions into a suitable stmcture that provides satisfactory service. It is not a precisely defined concept, but encompasses a range of conditions, eg, base- and filler-metal combinations, type of process, procedures, surface conditions, and joint geometries of the base metals (12). A number of tests have been developed to measure weldabiHty. These tests generally are intended to determine the susceptibiHty of welds to cracking. 

Maximum Service Temperature. Because the cellular materials, like their parent polymers (204), gradually decrease in modulus as the temperature rises rather than undergoing a sharp change in properties, it is difficult to precisely define the maximum service temperature of cellular polymers. The upper temperature limit of use for most cellular polymers is governed predominantly by the plastic phase. Fabrication of the polymer into a... 

Fig. 6. A fault tree for the pumped storage example of Figure 5. For a real system the tank and pump failures would be more precisely defined, or set as intermediate events having further definition by subsequent basic events and more detailed failure modes.

Pubhc concerns about pesticides in the diet of infants and children resulted in an expert committee convened by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences which devoted four years to the review of all available data. A consensus report was issued in 1993 (80). A number of recommendations for further work to more precisely define what constitutes the diet of infants and children were made. No risk could be estimated. The residue data reviewed by the panel were mainly from monitoring studies conducted by the PDA using multiresidue methods to analyze fresh produce and market basket samples collected from various geographic areas (81,82). These and other rehable scientific studies have demonstrated that relatively few food samples contain detectable residues. Most residues are far below estabhshed tolerances which are set above the maximum residue found in treated raw agricultural... 

However, in order to precisely define the nature of a neurotoxic process, its mechanism of production, and the quantitative determinants for the... 

Secondary Timber Products. Secondary timber products are products manufactured from primary timber products. Secondary products can be sold directly to the final consumer or can requite additional processing before reaching the final consumer. The wide diversity of products manufactured from primary timber products makes it difficult to precisely define secondary products. Lumber, for example, is clearly a secondary product because it is manufactured from roundwood and typically requites further processing before reaching its final use. Wooden furniture is considered a final product, not a secondary product because it is made from lumber or other secondary timber products. In general, products made from secondary timber products were not included in this analysis. 

Because of the possibility of focusing laser beams, tlrin films can be produced at precisely defined locations. Using a microscope train of lenses to focus a laser beam makes possible tire production of microregions suitable for application in computer chip production. The photolytic process produces islands of product nuclei, which act as preferential nucleation sites for further deposition, and tlrus to some unevenness in tire product film. This is because the subsuate is relatively cool, and therefore tire surface mobility of the deposited atoms is low. In pyrolytic decomposition, the region over which deposition occurs depends on the drermal conductivity of the substrate, being wider the lower the thermal conductivity. For example, the surface area of a deposit of silicon on silicon is nanower dran the deposition of silicon on silica, or on a surface-oxidized silicon sample, using the same beam geomeU y. 

An important and difficult task is concisely translating your requirements into study objectives. For example, if you need to decide between two methods of storing a hazardous chemical in a plant, the analysis objective should precisely define that what is needed is the relative difference between the methods, not the more general I want to know the risk of these two storage methods. And asking your QRA team for more than is necessary to satisfy your particular need is counterproductive and may create unnecessary liabilities. For any QRA to efficiently produce the necessary types of results, you must clearly communicate your requirements... 

String instruments all work on the same basic principle. A thin string, of gut or metal, is stretched tightly between two rigid supports. If the string is plucked, or hit, or bowed, it will go into sideways vibrations of precisely defined frequency which can... 

Servos gives a beautifully clear explanation of the subject-matter of physical chemistry, as Ostwald pursued it. Another excellent recent book on the evolution of physical chemistry, by Laidler (1993) is more guarded in its attempts at definition. He says that it can be defined as that part of chemistry that is done using the methods of physics, or that part of physics that is concerned with chemistry, i.e., with specific chemical substances , and goes on to say that it cannot be precisely defined, but that he can recognise it when he sees it Laidler s attempt at a definition is not entirely satisfactory, since Ostwald s objective was to get away from insights which were specific to individual substances and to attempt to establish laws which were general. 

The first generalization is illustrated by the behavior of the 2- and 4-vs. the 3-derivatives of pyridine, the second by the reactivity of 4- vs. 2-substituted pyridines, the third by the relation of 4- vs. 2-derivatives of pyrimidine, and the fourth by the appreciable reactivity of 3-substituted pyridines or 5-substituted pyrimidines compared to that of their benzene analogs. Various combinations of azine-nitrogens in other poly-azines supply further examples. Theoretical aspects of (1), (2) and (3) are discussed in Section II, B, 2. The effect involved in (4) is believed to be more the result of the inductive stabilization of an adjacent negative chaise in the transition state (cf. 251) than of the electron deficiency created in the ground state (cf. 252). The quantitative relation between inductive stabihzation and resonance stabilization is not precisely defined by available data. However, a... 

The imbalance between and NMR studies in the solid state (Section VI,F) partly reflects the fact that it is easier to introduce N than into heterocyclic compounds, particularly azoles (DNMR in the solid state usually requires isotopic enrichment). Compared to solution studies, solid-state intermolecular proton transfer between tautomers has the enormous advantage that the structure of the species involved is precisely defined. 

Structural Formula Complex protein structure not precisely defined Chemical Abstracts Registry No. 9008-11 -1... 

Unlike in the case of conventional organic solvents, most research groups prepare the ionic liquids themselves. This may be the reason why different results are sometimes obtained with the same ionic liquids. Park and Kazlauskas performed a washing procedure with aqueous sodium carbonate and found improved reaction rates, but this might also be related to a more precisely defined water content/water activity in the reaction system [22]. 

The scope of the term stainless steel has not been precisely defined, but for general purposes it may be considered to include alloys whose main constituent is iron but which also contain not less than 10% Cr. As with low-alloy steels, a distinction between low or medium carbon grades and high carbon grades must also be drawn, the latter being more in the nature of alloy cast irons. These are used mainly for oxidation resistance at high temperatures and for applications where abrasion resistance allied to a certain amount of corrosion resistance is required, and will not be considered in this section. 

Laboratory tests, in which conditions can be precisely defined and controlled. 

Denaturation is accompanied by changes in both physical and biological properties. Solubility is drastically decreased, as occurs when egg white is cooked and the albumins unfold and coagulate. Most enzymes also lose all catalytic activity when denatured, since a precisely defined tertiary structure is required for their action. Although most denaturation is irreversible, some cases are known where spontaneous renaturation of an unfolded protein to its stable tertiary structure occurs. Renaturation is accompanied by a full recovery of biological activity. 

A chemical library is a precisely defined collection of different chemical compounds. Chemical libraries can be either prepared by parallel synthesis or by split-and-recombine synthesis. 

Precisely defined collections of different chemical compounds are denominated as chemical libraries that can be efficiently prepared by methods of combinatorial chemistry. Each chemical compound owes specific structural, steiic, and electronic properties that determine all possible interactions of the small molecule with a given protein or receptor. The molecule s properties are based on the steiic arrangement of functional groups, including the conformations that can be attained by a specific structure. 

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