Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy

FTIR spectroscopy can combine with microscopy for generating FTIR spectra from microscopic volumes in materials. The instrument for FTIR microspectroscopy is simply called the FTIR microscope, which is often attached to the conventional FTIR instrument. The FTIR microscope is increasingly used for materials characterization because of its simple operation and FTIR spectra can be collected rapidly from microscopic volumes selected with the microscope. 

The selection of the microscopic area for FTIR microspectroscopy is achieved by a remote aperture located between the objective and detector. The remote aperture commonly has a rectangular opening with two pairs of knife-edged blades. The blades are often made from a material that is transparent to visible light but opaque to infrared light. 

In principle, operation of the FTIR microspectroscopy is the same as for a conventional FTIR instrument except the spectrum is obtained from a microscopic area or intensity distribution is mapped in the sample plane. A spectrum from an area in the order of 10 x 10 /im can be obtained. Mapping or FTIR imaging at micro-level resolution can be achieved by scanning a sample using a motorized sample stage. The resolution is primarily determined by the size of the focused IR beam and precision of motorized stage. Reflectance microspectroscopy is more widely used than the transmittance mode in FTIR microscopy because minimal sample preparation is required. 

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Kansiz, M. Heraud, P. Wood, B. Burden, F. Beardall, J. McNaughton, D. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and chemometrics as a tool for the discrimination of cyanobacterial strains. Phytochemistry 1999,52,407-417. 

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman microspectroscopy provide quantitative information about the chemical microstructure of heterogeneous solid foods (Cremer and Kaletunq, 2003 Piot et al., 2000 Thygesen et al., 2003) without sample destruction. 

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy couples both interferometry and microscopy into an integrated instmment. Since interferometry is an important... 

Aparicio, S., Doty, S. B., Camacho, N. P. et al. (2002) Optimal methods for processing mineralized tissues for Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Calcif. Tissue Int. 70 422-9. 

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy applied to Byzantine manuscripts in the Special Collections Department of the University of Chicago Library revealed the use of numerous additives to the paint mixture including kaolin, hide glue, egg yolk, and other proteinaceous materials. Some evidence suggests that cochineal was used as a red pigment. 

Biomolecular investigation of human substantia nigra in Parkinson s disease by synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 459, 241-8. 

Levine, S.M., Wetzel, D.L. and Eilert, A.J. (1994) Neuropathology of twitcher mice examination of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, lectin histochemistry and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Int.J. Dev. Neurosci., 12, 275-88. 

N.S. (2005) Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy a new tool to monitor the fate of organic contaminants in plants. Microchem. J.,... 

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy detects changes in protein secondary structure associated with desiccahon tolerance in developing maize embryos. Plant Physiol, 116, 1169-77. 

R., Belton, P. and Roberts, K. (1992) Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy is a new way to look at plant cell walls. Plant Physiol, 100,1940-7. 

Raman microspectroscopy is the fastest and most powerful tool for analysis of phase transformations in contact loading. It can additionally provide information on residual stresses and/or chemical changes in the surface layers. However, limited databases of Raman spectra and difficulties with the interpretation of Raman spectra, as well as low accuracy of existing predictive tools for calculations of Raman spectra of solids, make it necessary to complement Raman data with electron or X-ray diffraction studies. Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy is another technique that can provide useful information on structural and compositional changes in the surface layer. 

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy is applied for the characterisation of a coated interface and a polymer blend. The coated sample investigated is prepared by coating a urethane paint on an ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer whose ethyl-ester group is partially hydrolysed (EAA/EEA). It is demonstrated that a mixed phase is formed along the coated interface between the paint and the EAA/EEA. Interaction between molecules of the urethane paint and the EAA/EEA is observed. For a polymer blend prepared by mixing PP and polycarbonate. 

Figure 6 A series of spectra (right) from the various layers of a pigmented rat retina (left). Spectra were collected from photoreceptor outer segments (OS, spectrum 1), inner segments (IS, spectrum 2), outer nuclear layer (ONL, spectrum 3), outer plexiform layer (OPL, spectrum 4), inner nuclear layer (INL, spectrum 5), and inner plexiform layer (IPL, spectrum 6). Note the elevated absorbance values for 0= C-H (B), CH2 (C) NH (A), 0=0 (D) in the outer segments and the elevated absorbance values for P = 0 (E) and H-C-OH (F) in the outer nuclear layer. The CH2 NH ratio is also large in the inner plexiform layer. (Reprinted with permission from LeVine SM, Radel JD, Sweat JA, and Wetzel DL (1999) Microchemical analysis of retina layers in pigmented and albino rats by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-General Subjects 1473 409-417 Elsevier.)...

D. L. Woolard, R. Brown, M. Pepper, and M. Kemp, Terahertz frequency sensing and imaging A time of reckoning future applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 93 1722-1743, 2005 M.C. Martin, U. Schade, P. Lerch, and P. Dumas, Recent applications and current trends in analytical chemistry using synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Trends in Analpical Chemistry... 

J. Ramesh, M. Huleilel, J. Mordehai, A. Moser, V. Erukhimovich, C. Levi, J. Kapelushnik and S. Mordechai, Preliminary results of evaluation of progress in chemotherapy for childhood leukaemia patients employing Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and cluster analysis, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 2003, 141, 385-394. 

The following section will give a short introduction to Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) with the emphasis on neuronal tissue. Please refer to Chapter 2 for more detailed information. 

C. Yu and J. Irudayaraj, Spectroscopic characterization of microorganisms by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Biopolymers, 2005, 77(6), 368-77. 

Garside and Wyeth [60] have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterise cellulose fibres such as jute, sisal, and cotton. The technique has also been used to determine low levels of polyvinyl pyrrolidinone in polysulfone [61]. Weiss and co-workers [62] used Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in the study of organic and inorganic phases of an injectable hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-calcium phosphate composite for bone and dental surgery. 

Prediction of Bovine Cartilage Proteoglycan Content Using Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis or Optical Absorbance and a Multivariate Techniques-Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy Model... 

Caine, S., Heraud, P., Tobin, M.J., McNaughton, D., and Bernard, C.C.A. (2012) The application of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy for the study of diseased central nervous system tissue. Neuroimage, 59, 3624-3640. 

Stewart, D. (1996) Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy of plant tissues. Appl Spectrosc., 50 (3), 357-365. 

B. M., and Nawrath, C. (2013) Transmission Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy allows simultaneous assessment of cutin and cell-wall polysaccharides of Arabidopsis petals. Plant J., 74 (5), 880-891. 

Vardy, S. and Uwins, P. (2002) Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy as a tool to differentiate Nitzschia closterium and Nitzschia longissima. Appl. Spectrosc., 56 (12), 1545-1548. 

S. (2002) Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy, a novel and rapid tooi for identification of yeasts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 68 (10), 4717 -4721. 

Bamba, T. Fukusaki, E. I. Nakazawa, Y Kobayashi, A. In-situ chemical analyses of trowi-polyisoprene by histochemical staining and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in a rubber-producing plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver. Planta 2002, 215, 934-939. 

Kaito, A., Kyotani, M., and Nanayama, K. (1991) Orientation profiles in the strands of thermotropic liquid-crystalline polymer studies by polarized Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Macromolecules, 24, 3244. 

Yan, B., Sun, Q., Wareing, J.R. and Jewell, C.R, Real-time monitoring of the catalytic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones on resin support by single-bead Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy, J. Org. Chem., 61 (1996) 8765-8770. 

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