Microspectroscopy

Raman Microspectroscopy. Raman spectra of small soflds or small regions of soflds can be obtained at a spatial resolution of about 1 p.m usiag a Raman microprobe. A widespread appHcation is ia the characterization of materials. For example, the Raman microprobe is used to measure lattice strain ia semiconductors (30) and polymers (31,32), and to identify graphitic regions ia diamond films (33). The microprobe has long been employed to identify fluid iaclusions ia minerals (34), and is iacreasiagly popular for identification of iaclusions ia glass (qv) (35). 

H. J. Humecki, ed.. Practical Guide to Infrared Microspectroscopy, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1995. 

Imura, K. and Okamoto, H. (2008) Development of novel near-field microspectroscopy and imaging of local excitations and wave fimctions of nanomaterials. BuU. Chem. Soc.Jpn., 81, 659-675. 

Shimada, R., Kano, H. and Hamaguchi, H. (2006) Hyper-Raman microspectroscopy a new approach to completing vibrational spectral and imaging information under a microscope. Opt. Lett., 31, 320-322. 

Raman Microspectroscopy Study of Oscillatory Electrodeposition of Au at an Air/Liquid Interface... 

Super-Resolution Infrared Microspectroscopy for Single Cells 571... 

Kim, H.-B., Hayashi, M., Nakatani, K., Kitamura, N., Sasaki, K., Hotta, J.-I., and Masuhara, H., In situ measurements of ion exchange processes in single polymer particles laser trapping microspectroscopy and confocal fluorescence microspectroscopy, Anal. Chem., 68, 409, 1996. 

XANES spectroscopy is also the basis of chemically sensitive X-ray imaging, as well as qualitative and quantitative microspectroscopy [306], ptXANES is attractive for chemical analysis, with its spatial resolution down to 10 ptm. Variations on the theme are surface EXAFS (SEXAFS), grazing incidence XAS and in situ time-resolved XAS investigations. Grazing angle XAFS can be used for the study of ultrathin multilayer systems. 

HSLC High-speed liquid chromatography (2) Infrared microspectroscopy (see... 

Kansiz, M. Heraud, P. Wood, B. Burden, F. Beardall, J. McNaughton, D. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and chemometrics as a tool for the discrimination of cyanobacterial strains. Phytochemistry 1999,52,407-417. 

Figure 10 Polarized spectra obtained by Raman microspectroscopy of (A) the dragline silk of the spider Nephila edulis and (B) the cocoon silk of the silkworm Sarnia cynthia ricini. Adapted with permission from Rousseau et al. [63]. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society.

Figures 21(a) and 21(b) show the SEM micrographs of the freeze-fractured cross-section of the film used in the construction of the bag. There are two distinct layers and possibly a third very much thinner tie layer. The outside layer is a layer of nominal thickness 13 pm. The inside layer is much thicker and is approximately 70 pm thick. At the interface between the outer and inner layers the apparent very thin tie layer is about 1 pm thick. This is too thin to be identified by FUR microscopy on a cross-section of the sample, since the technique is diffraction-limited, which means that layers of about 10 pm thickness or greater can only be readily identified [1]. The tie layer thickness is also probably too thin for fingerprinting by Raman microspectroscopy on a cross-section the lateral spatial resolution of Raman microspectroscopy is about 1-2 pm.

Hawi S.R., Rochanakij S., Adar F., Campbell W.B., Nithipatikom K., Detection of membrane-bound enzymes in cells using immunoassay and Raman microspectroscopy, Anal. Biochem. 1998 259 212-217. 

V. Mazel, P. Richardin, D. Debois, D. Touboul, M. Cotte, A. Brunelle, P. Walter and O. Laprevote, Identification of ritual blood in African artifacts using ToF SIMS and synchrotron radiation microspectroscopies, Analytical Chemistry, 79, 9253 9260 (2007). 

Infrared microscopy is well suited for in situ analysis of contaminants fount in pharmaceutical processes. Due to the nondestructive nature of the analysis further experiments such as energy dispersive x-ray analysis may be performer on the same sample once IR investigations are complete. To illustrate the potentia of IR microspectroscopy, one application from the Bristol-Myers Squibl laboratories is presented. 

Fig. 6 Infrared spectra (microspectroscopy) of the isolated black particle (A) and a particle embedded into the tablet (B).

Cherry RJ. New Techniques of Optical Microscopy and Microspectroscopy, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1991. 

Rossle, M., Panine, P., Urban, V. S., and Riekel, C. (2004). Structural evolution of regenerated silk fibroin under shear Combined wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering experiments using synchrotron radiation. Biopolymers 74, 316-327. Rousseau, M. E., Lefevre, T., Beaulieu, L., Asakura, T., and Pezolet, M. (2004). Study of protein conformation and orientation in silkworm and spider silk fibres using Raman microspectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 5, 2247-2257. 

Infrared drying, ceramics processing, 5 656 Infrared dyes, 9 500 Infrared emission spectroscopy, 23 142 Infrared inks, 14 315 Infrared lasers, 22 180 Infrared LEDs, 22 175, 176 Infrared measurements, in growing amorphous silicon, 22 130 Infrared microspectroscopy, 16 486 Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (irras), 24 72, 114-116. See also IR spectra... 

Microscopy technologies, polymer analysis using, 79 567-568 Micro-Sect formulation, 7 564t Microsilica, world demand for, 22 497 Microspectrometers, 76 484-485 Microspectroscopy, infrared, 76 486... 

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