Calcium phosphate composites

In the field of metallic powder applications, a method of plasma spray coating suitable for biomedical materials has been developed using titanium and calcium phosphate composite powder. By means of the mechanical shock process, the appropriate composite powder was prepared, and plasma sprayed on Ti substrate under a low-pressure argon atmosphere. A porous Ti coating layer was obtained in which the surface and the inside of the pores were covered thinly with hydroxyapatite. This surface coating is expected to show excellent bone ingrowth and fixation with bone (21). 

Mansur, C., M. Pope, M. R. Pascucci, and S. Shivkumar, Zirconia-calcium phosphate composite for bone replacement, Ceram. Int., 24, 77 (1998). 

The System Lime and Phosphoric Acid —Solubility of Calcium Phosphates— Conditions of Formation of Basic and Acid Calcium Phosphates—Composition of Solutions Saturated with Calcium Hydrogen Phosphates—Equilibria between Solid Phases and Solutions at Various Temperatures—Changes during Neutralisation—The Acid Phosphates—Manufacture of Superphosphate—Retrogression—Treatment of Special Ores—Phosphoric Acid— Commercial Preparation and Extraction from Rook—The History and Technology of Superphosphate Manufacture—Mixed and Concentrated Phosphorio Fertilisers—Potassium Phosphates—Ammonium Phosphates. 

B. R. Constantz, M.T. Fulmer, and B.M. Barr, In situ prepared calcium phosphate composition and method, US Patent 5,336,264, issued to Norian Corp, Mountain View, CA, 1994. 

P NMR spectra detected a hydrogen-bonded phosphate polymer in calcium phosphate composites.40 19F MAS-NMR spectra were used to determine isotropic 19F chemical shifts in various environments in CaF2-AlF3 and BaF2 A1F3 systems.41 137Ba NMR data were used to probe the structure of a new... 

Schliephake, H., Scharnweber, D., Roesseler, S., Dard, M., Sewing, A., and Aref, A. (2006) Biomimetic calcium phosphate composite coating of dental implants. 

Table 2.3 List of some non-setting non-allogenic pastes with indication of producer, product name, composition and form (pre-mixed or to be mixed). Denominations HA = Hydroxyapatite / -TCP = / -Tricalcium phosphate BCP = diphasic calcium phosphate (composite between HA and /3-TCP) CMC = carboxymethylcellulose H PMC hydroxypropylmethylcellulose... 

Carey LE, Xu HH, Simon CG, Jr., Takagi S, Chow LC. Premixed rapid-setting calcium phosphate composites for hone repair. Biomaterials. 2005 Aug 26(24) 5002-14. 

Sogo, Y., Ito, A., Matsuno, T., Oyane, A., Tamazawa, G., Satoh, T., Yamazaki, A., Uchimura, E., Ohno, T. Fibronectm-calcium phosphate composite layer on hydroxyapatite to enhance adhesion, ceU spread and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem ceUs in vitro. Biomed. Mater. 2,116-123 (2007)... 

Park YS, Yamazaki Y (2005) Low methanol permeable and high proton-conducting Nafion/ calcium phosphate composite membrane for DMFC. Solid State Ion 176 1079-1089... 

Chesnutt, BM., Viano, AM., Yuan, YL. et al. 2009. Design and characterization of a novel chitosan/nanocrys-taUine calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone regeneration. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 88A 491-502. 

Zhang, Y., Zhang, M. 2001. Synthesis and characterization of macroporous chitosan/calcium phosphate composite scaffolds for tissue engineering. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 55 304-312. 

Park and Vasilos [42] fabricated carbon fiber reinforced calcium phosphate composites, made by hot pressing to give a ceramic with significantly improved ductility albeit with a slight decrease in ultimate flexural strength. The failure strains of the composites and the monolithic calcium phosphate ceramics were 0.36 and 0.21%, respectively. It was demonstrated that carbon fiber reinforced calcium phosphate composites would be good biomaterials for bone replacement. 

Park K, Vasilos T, Characteristics of carbon fibre-reinforced calcium phosphate composites fabricated by hot pressing, J Mater Sci Lett, 16(12), 985-987, 1997. 

Zheng L, et al. The effect of composition of calcium phosphate composite scaffolds on the formation of tooth tissue from human dental pulp stem cells. Biomaterials 2011 32 7053-9. 

A urea-mediated mineralization technique was developed to enable the formation of pHEMA-based hydrogel-calcium phosphate composites with excellent polymer-mineral interfacial adhesion strength that is desirable for bone mimics. This mineralization method was also applied to generate more sophisticated composites containing functional hydrogels that possess anionic groups mimicking the extracellular matrix proteins in bone. 

Among the composite, PLA or PLGA/calcium phosphate composites have been most extensively studied [89-93]. With the addition of calciiun phosphate in composites not only the mechanical strength is improved, but also a more stable pH value than that for plain PLA or PLGA can be achieved the acidic degradation byproducts of the PLA or PLGA is buffered by the calcium phosphate. 

Hockin H.K. Xu, Janet B. Quinn, Shozo Takagi, and Laurence C. Chow. Synergistic reinforcement of in situ hardening of calcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2004 25 1029-1037. 

Yokogawa Y., Nishizawa K., Nagata F., Kameyama T. Bioactive properties ofchitin/chitosan-calcium phosphate composite materials. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2001 21 105-113 Yoshioka T., Tsuru K., Hayakawa S., Osaka A. Preparation of alginic acid layers on stainless-steel substrates for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2003 24 2889-2894... 

Garside and Wyeth [60] have used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterise cellulose fibres such as jute, sisal, and cotton. The technique has also been used to determine low levels of polyvinyl pyrrolidinone in polysulfone [61]. Weiss and co-workers [62] used Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in the study of organic and inorganic phases of an injectable hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-calcium phosphate composite for bone and dental surgery. 

Lawson, A.C. and Czernuszka, J.T. (1998) Collagen-calcium phosphate composites./. Eng. Med., 212, 413-425. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H... 

Langhorst, S.E., O Donnell, J.N., and Skrtic, D. (2009) In vitro remineralization of enamel by polymeric amorphous calcium phosphate composite quantitative microradiographic study. Dent Mater, 25 (7), 884-891. 

He, C., et al., 2010. Electrodeposition on nanofibrous polymer scaffolds rapid mineralization, tunable calcium phosphate composition and topography. Advanced Eunctional Matter 20 (20), 3568-3576. 

Meyer, R, Wardale, J., Besf S., Cameron, R., Rushton, N., Brooks, R., 2012. Effects of lactic acid and glycolic acid on human osteoblasts a way to understand PLGA involvement in PLGA/calcium phosphate composite failure. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 30, 864-871. 

Carey, L., et ah, 2005. Premixed rapid-setting calcium phosphate composites for bone repair. Biomaterials 26 (24), 5002-5014. Available at http //www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S0142961205000414. 

Sohier, J., et al., 2010. Hydrogel/calcium phosphate composites require specific properties for three-dimensional culture of human bone mesenchymal cells. Acta Biomater. 6 (8), 2932-2939. 

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