Formulation product reformulation

To comply with environmental legislation, coatings formulators have reformulated to water-based systems, which has wide-ranging effects on the properties of their products. Reformulating with non-hazardous air pollutants solvents such as propylene-oxide-based glycol ethers helps reduce VOC content, and is the subject of this detailed paper. 6 refs. 

Leistner (1992) has illustrated the use of the hurdle concept to design food formulations that ensure adequate shelf-life and safety of food products. Reformulation of a pet food produced a product with a higher but suitable and allowed the omission of propylene glycol from the recipe. The a was increased from 0.85 to 0.94 and the product was made more healthy, palatable and economic. 

Protein-Based Substitutes. Several plant and animal-based proteins have been used in processed meat products to increase yields, reduce reformulation costs, enhance specific functional properties, and decrease fat content. Examples of these protein additives are wheat flour, wheat gluten, soy flour, soy protein concentrate, soy protein isolate, textured soy protein, cottonseed flour, oat flour, com germ meal, nonfat dry milk, caseinates, whey proteins, surimi, blood plasma, and egg proteins. Most of these protein ingredients can be included in cooked sausages with a maximum level allowed up to 3.5% of the formulation, except soy protein isolate and caseinates are restricted to 2% (44). 

However, the cost of simple substitution and shallow innovation can be substantial. The new EU regulations on Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) are expected to result in a large number of chemicals that are currently freely available to vanish from the market. Formulated commercial products such as inks, adhesives and paints can contain up to 60 individual chemicals in one formulation. If one of these is withdrawn as a result of REACH, the potential costs of reformulation can be very high. 

The water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in the parenteral multivitamin mix are essential cofactors for numerous biochemical reactions and metabolic processes. Parenteral multivitamins are added daily to the PN. Patients with chronic renal failure are at risk for vitamin A accumulation and potential toxicity. Serum vitamin A concentrations should be measured in patients with renal failure when vitamin A accumulation is a concern. Previously, vitamin K was administered either daily or once weekly because intravenous multivitamin formulations did not contain vitamin K. However, manufacturers have reformulated their parenteral multivitamin products to provide 150 meg of vitamin K in accordance with FDA recommendations. There is a parenteral multivitamin formulation available without vitamin K (e.g., for patients who require warfarin therapy), but standard compounding of PN formulations should include a parenteral multivitamin that contains vitamin K unless otherwise clinically indicated. 

For this calculation, it is unnecessary to assume that Vd and/or kei are the same for the two studies. It is only necessary that fe be the same in both studies. This is usually a valid assumption unless the drug undergoes a significant amount of first-pass metabolism in the gut wall or liver following oral administration or a significant amount of decomposition at an intra muscular (IM) injection site. When this occurs, the availability of the extravascular dosage form may appear to be low, but the fault will not lie with the formulation. The bioavailability will be a true reflection of the therapeutic efficacy of the drug product, and reformulation may not increase bioavailability. 

If the assumption that the contaminant mass in the wastewater is relaxed, then the additional raw material in the form of the contaminant mass has to be accounted for. The wastewater in this case not only supplements the water in the raw material, but also any other raw materials used in product formulation. The raw material balance given in constraint (8.1) is reformulated to account for the additional raw material source. Constraint (8.1) is split into a water balance and a raw material balance for the other components required in product formulation. The water balance is given in constraint (8.52). The balance for the other components used in the product formulation is given in constraint (8.53). Due to the fixed ratio of water and other components in product formulation and the fixed batch size, the amount of water and the amount of other components are fixed. Therefore, in constraints (8.52) and (8.53) the amount of water and amount of other raw material is fixed. The water balance, in constraint (8.52), states that the amount of water used in product is comprised of freshwater, water from storage and directly recycle/reused water. Constraint (8.53), the mass balance for the other components, states that the mass of other components used for product is the mass from bulk storage, the mass in directly recycled/reused water and the mass in water from storage. 

The industries involved in the manufacture of solvents and formulations which use them have been hit hard by antipollution legislation. Many solvent users have responded to these regulations by reformulating products to reduce their content of volatile organic components, or even eliminate them completely [6], These... 

Many cosmetics manufacturers have used the lower phthalates (diethyl phthalate, dimethyl and dibutyl phthalates) for many years as solvents and diluents in perfumes. On the whole, the cosmetic industry is able to innovate guickly because cosmetic products have a relatively short life cycle this provides short to medium-term opportunities to formulate out the problem ingredients in the next version of the product. Raw materials come at different costs and to reformulate-out chemicals of concern may result in a temporary increase in material cost. However, as more companies switch to alternatives, economies of scale are realised and the price will fall. ... 

Many end-user processes and products may need to be modified or reformulated to accept the active substances and formulations remaining on the market. 

CEC-based metered-dose therapeutic aerosols are in the process of being reformulated with HEA-134a. HEA-formulations of salbutamol (= albuterol) and fluticasone propionate have been shown to be as effective and well tolerated as CEC products at equivalent doses. 

In 1943, Hieber and Lagally reported that the reaction of anhydrous rhodium trichloride with carbon monoxide at 80°C, under pressure, and in the presence of silver and copper as halogen acceptors, gave a black crystalline product which, on the basis of elemental analysis, was formulated as Rh4(CO)n 75). The exact nature of this compound was established 20 years later by Dahl using three-dimensional X-ray analysis which led to its reformulation as Rh6(CO)i6 53). This discovery can be regarded as the birthday of the chemistry of high nuclearity clusters. 

Up to this point, our main concern was to reformulate the results of the LD ligand influence theory in the DMM form. Its main content was the symmetry-based analysis of the possible interplay between two types of perturbation substitution and deformation, controlled by the selection rules incorporated in the polarization propagator of the CLS. The mechanism of this interplay can be simply formulated as follows substitution produces perturbations of different symmetries which are supposed to induce transition densities of the same symmetries. In the frontier orbital approximation, only those densities among all possible ones can actually appear, which have the symmetry which enters into decomposition of the tensor product TH TL to the irreducible representations. These survived transition densities then induce the geometry deformations of the same symmetry. 

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