Organic volatile components

The procedure of determination of metals in the thin layer without elimination of the non-volatile organic components for different paints containing inorganic pigments was developed. Several techniques of sampling from paint-and-lacquer materials for X-ray fluorescence analysis were proposed. For the study of nonhomogenity of metal distribution in the thin layer we used additionally the local method of X-ray fluorescence analysis. 

Table 11.3 presents some typical results obtained by this procedure on seawater samples. MacKinnon [92] concluded that since the volatile organic carbon contents of normal (i.e., unpolluted) seawaters are small, the effect of complete or partial loss of volatile organic components during the determination of total organic carbon in most ocean areas (except highly reducing environments) with either the wet and direct injection methods or dry oxidation methods should be small (about 5%), and within the precision of these methods. 

The industries involved in the manufacture of solvents and formulations which use them have been hit hard by antipollution legislation. Many solvent users have responded to these regulations by reformulating products to reduce their content of volatile organic components, or even eliminate them completely [6], These... 

Jay K, Stieglitz L. 1995. Identification and quantification of volatile organic components in emissions of waste incineration plants. Chemosphere 30 1249-1260. 

Organophilic membranes with a preferential permeation of nonpolar compounds are used for the removal of volatile organic components from aqueous and gas streams. 

McNally, M.E. and Grob, R.L. Headspace determination of solubility limits of the base neutral and volatile organic components from the Environmental Protection Agency s list of priority pollutants, J. Chromatogr. A, 284 105-116, 1984. 

Aerosol is defined herein as an atmospheric suspension of solid particles including adsorbed water and absorbed volatile organic components. 

The volatile organic components that are emitted in the gaseous effluent can be controlled by a variety of technologies including scrubbing techniques, granular-carbon adsorption and fume incineration. The specific technology is selected on a case-by-case basis. 

There are several further advantages of McAuliffe s approach to the analysis of volatile organic components in water. Among these are the fact that water-soluble or nonextractable components may be analyzed by this method. Further, the quantity of the component transferred to the gas phase can be varied and, in this case, increased by conducting the equilibration at elevated temperature and by increasing the ionic content of the water. By these means compounds that may be highly water-soluble, such as acetone or alcohol, can be transferred in significant proportion to the gas phase for analysis. 

Skjevrak, I., Due, A., Gjerstad, K.O. and Herikstad, H. (2003) Volatile organic components migration from plastic pipes (HDPE, PEX and PVC) into drinking water. Water Research, 37 (8), 1912-20. 

H.H. Nijhuis, M.V.H. Mulder and C.A. Smolders, Selection of Elastomeric Membranes for the Removal of Volatile Organic Components from Water, in Proceedings of Third International Conference on Pervaporation Processes in the Chemical Industry, R. Bakish (ed.), Bakish Materials Corp., Englewood, NJ, pp. 239-251 (1988). 

Volatile organic component emissions below expected future legal limits... 

In another study, Tsum et al. [80] reported the use of porous Ti02 membranes having pores of several nanometers for a gas-phase photocatalytic reaction of methanol as a model of volatile organic component (VOC). In this system, the titanium dioxide is immobilized in the form of a porous membrane that is capable of selective permeation and also a photocatalytic oxidation that occurs both on the surface and inside the porous Ti02 membranes. In this way, it is possible to obtain a permeate stream oxidized with OH radicals after one-pass permeation through the Ti02 membranes. 

Treatment of volatile organic components (VOC) from purges. 

Estimate the cost of waste disposal, as well as the treatment of volatile organic components (VOCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and any other materials forbidden by the environmental regulations. 

Table 3.4 presents more specific heuristics for gas separations. The condensation of subcritical components at suitable pressure by cooling with water is often practical. Before applying low-temperature separations or membranes the removal of water by glycol absorption or by adsorption is compulsory. In the case of impurities accumulating in recycles a powerful method is their chemical conversion by selective catalysis. Before treatment the impurities should be concentered by an enrichment operation. Catalytic conversion is also recommended for handling volatile organic components (VOC). 

Reducing environmental and safety problems such as volatile organic components and flammability... 

In recent years, supercritical fluid extraction has received widespread attention for the removal of non- or low-volatile organic components from liquid and solid matrices. This process has many potential applications like analytical extractions, applications in the food and drug industry, activated carbon regeneration or soil remediation. 

In their original discovery of miniemulsion polymerization, Ugelstad and co-workers [5] used either cetyl alcohol (CA water solubility estimated at 6x10 [43]) or hexadecane (HD water solubihty estimated at 1x10 [43]) to retard monomer diffusion from submicron monomer droplets. Both CA and HD, referred to here as costabilizers, are volatile organic components and are therefore not entirely desirable in the final product. Other researchers have used polymers, chain transfer agents, and comonomers as stabiUzers, as will be discussed later. 

The anodic oxidation of volatile organic components (VOCs) using metal-oxide electrodes has attracted much attention and the group of Comninellis [170-174] has found that often the complete electrochemical oxidation of some organics in aqueous media occurs, without any loss in electrode activity, only at high potentials with concomitant evolution of O2. Furthermore, it has been found that the nature of electrode material strongly influences both the selectivity and the efficiency of the process. 

This sample preparation method involves steam distillation of the volatile organic components of a sample followed by preconcentration by LEE using a water-insoluble solvent. SDE served as unique clean-up and preconcentration step before derivatization, in the GC-MS determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and aromatic amines in particulate phase mainstream cigarette smoke . Preconcentration by the SDE... 

Schnabel, S. Moulin, P. Nguyen, T. Roizard, D. Aptel, P. Removal of volatile organic components (VOC) from water by pervaporation with dense silicone hollow fibres. Separation improvement by Dean vortices. J. Membr. Sci. 

Characterization of Volatile Organic Components of Nahcolite and Trona... 

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