Fluorescence detection application

Zarghi, A. et al. 2007. Quantification of carvedilol in human plasma by liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection Application in pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm BiomedAnal. 44 250. 

DT Blankenship, MA Krivanek, BL Ackerman, AD Cardin. High-sensitivity amino acid analysis by derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde and 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate using fluorescence detection applications in protein structure determination. Anal Biochem 178 227-232, 1989. 

Lee KH, Ward BA, Desta Z, Flockhart DA (2003) Jones DR (2003) Quantification of tamoxifen and three metaoblites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection application to a clinical trial. J Chromatogr B 791 245-253... 

Ulfelder KJ (1994) Quantitative capillary electrophoretic analysis of PCR products using laser-induced fluorescence detection. Applications Information Bulletin A-1774. Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, CA. 

Numerous high pressure Hquid chromatographic techniques have been reported for specific sample forms vegetable oils (55,56), animal feeds (57,58), sera (59,60), plasma (61,62), foods (63,64), and tissues (63). Some of the methods require a saponification step to remove fats, to release tocopherols from ceHs, and/or to free tocopherols from their esters. AH require an extraction step to remove the tocopherols from the sample matrix. The methods include both normal and reverse-phase hplc with either uv absorbance or fluorescence detection. Application of supercritical fluid (qv) chromatography has been reported for analysis of tocopherols in marine oHs (65). 

Ho, S.-T. Wang, J.-J. Ho, W. Hu, O.Y.-P. Determination of buprenorphine by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection application to human and rabbit pharmacokinetic studies. J.Chromatogn, 1991, 570, 339—350... 

Veledo, M.T., de Erutos, M., and Diez-Masa, J.C. On-capUlary derivatization and analysis of amino acids in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection Application to diagnosis of aminoacidopatfaies. Electmphoresis, 27,3101, 2006. 

In this chapter, we present the theory and results of measurements on humic acid fractions using fluorescence techniques. The fluorescence techniques are attractive for this application because of the natural fluorescence of humic materials, the hi sensitivity of fluorescence detection, and the ability to directly observe the morphology of the molecule in aqueous solutions without the need for drying or applying harsh chemical conditions. Several interesting types of information are obtained from fluorescence measurements ... 

Wetai Ion Analysis. We have reported a sensitive trace-metal analysis based upon HPLC separation of p-aminophenyl EDTA chelates and fluorescence detection by postcolumn reaction with fluorescamine (23). An application of the pyridone chemistry already discussed leads to a fluorescent-labeled EDTA (VIII). 

The principal limitation in the use of electrophoretic techniques is the lack of availability of suitable detection systems for quantitative analysis and unequivocal identification of pesticide analytes. Traditionally, either ultraviolet/visible (UVA IS) or fluorescence detection techniques have been used. However, as with chromatographic techniques, MS should be the detection system of choice. A brief comparison of the numbers of recent papers on the application of GC/MS and LC/MS with capillary elec-trophoresis/mass spectrometery (CE/MS) demonstrates that interfaces between CE... 

A variety of formats and options for different types of applications are possible in CE, such as micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), isotachophoresis (ITP), and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE). The main applications for CE concern biochemical applications, but CE can also be useful in pesticide methods. The main problem with CE for residue analysis of small molecules has been the low sensitivity of detection in the narrow capillary used in the separation. With the development of extended detection pathlengths and special optics, absorbance detection can give reasonably low detection limits in clean samples. However, complex samples can be very difficult to analyze using capillary electrophoresis/ultraviolet detection (CE/UV). CE with laser-induced fluorescence detection can provide an extraordinarily low LOQ, but the analytes must be fluorescent with excitation peaks at common laser wavelengths for this approach to work. Derivatization of the analytes with appropriate fluorescent labels may be possible, as is done in biochemical applications, but pesticide analysis has not been such an important application to utilize such an approach. 

Reversed-phase HPLC followed by post-column derivatization and subsequent fluorescence detection is the most common technique for quantitative determination of oxime carbamate insecticides in biological and environmental samples. However, for fast, sensitive, and specific analysis of biological and environmental samples, detection by MS and MS/MS is preferred over fluorescence detection. Thus, descriptions and recommendations for establishing and optimizing HPLC fluorescence, HPLC/ MS, and HPLC/MS/MS analyses are discussed first. This is followed by specific rationales for methods and descriptions of the recommended residue methods that are applicable to most oxime carbamates in plant, animal tissue, soil, and water matrices. 

Fluorescence is much more widely used for analysis than phosphorescence. Yet, the use of fluorescent detectors is limited to the restricted set of additives with fluorescent properties. Fluorescence detection is highly recommended for food analysis (e.g. vitamins), bioscience applications, and environmental analysis. As to poly-mer/additive analysis fluorescence and phosphorescence analysis of UV absorbers, optical brighteners, phenolic and aromatic amine antioxidants are most recurrent [25] with an extensive listing for 29 UVAs and AOs in an organic solvent medium at r.t. and 77 K by Kirkbright et al. [149]. 

Wen-Chen Z, Ling-Jun L, Xian-En Z et al (2008) Application of 2-(l l//-benzo[ i]carbazol-11 -yl) ethyl carbonochloridate as a precolumn derivatization reagent of amino acid by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Chin J Anal Chem 36 1071-1076... 

B. Schmidt and D. Riesner, A fluorescence detection system for the analytical ultracentrifuge and its application to proteins, nucleic acids, viroids and viruses (in Ref. [77]). 

Fisz, J. J. (2007). Fluorescence polarization spectroscopy at combined high-aperture excitation and detection Application to one-photon-excitation fluorescence microscopy. J. Phys. Chem. A 111, 8606-21. 

Chabinyc M.L., Chiu D.T., McDonald J.C., Stroock A.D., Christian J.F., Karger A.M., Whitesides G.M., An integrated fluorescence detection system in poly(dimethylsiloxane) for microfluidic applications, Anal. Chem. 2001 73 4491-4498. 

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