Interest types

A particularly interesting type of micellar catalysis is the autocatalytic self-replication of micelles [58]. Various examples have been described, but a particularly interesting case is the biphasic self-reproduction of aqueous caprylate micelles [59]. In this system ethyl caprylate undergoes hydroxyl catalysed hydrolysis to produce the free carboxylate anion, caprylate. Caprylate micelles then fonn. As these micelles fonn, they solubilize ethylcaprylate and catalyse further production of caprylate anion and caprylate micelles. 

An interesting type of clay used widely in the manufacture of refractories is so-called flint clay, which is very hard and has very slight plasticity even when finely ground. Flint clays are essentially pure, extremely fine-grained kaolinite. In some cases the hardness appears to result from the presence of a small amount of free siUca acting as a cement, whereas in other cases it is the result of an intergrowth of extremely small kaolinite particles. 

Interest type Equation Future worth F Effective rate % Equation... 

Vbgtle and his coworkers have prepared a large number of compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen . An especially interesting type of compound is 11 which contains a pyridine subcyclic unit. This compound is prepared from one equivalent each of 2,2-dibromodiethyl ether and 2,6-dimercaptopyridine in a mixture of ethanol and 2-butanone. An excess (3 equivalents) of KOH served as base. Crystalline 11 (mp 168— 170°) was obtained in 9% yield. The approach is illustrated in Eq. (6.10). 

Major Property of Interest Type of Polymer Propulsion System Application... 

Many other shapes are possible for complexes. The simplest are linear, with coordination number 2. An example is dimethylmercury(O), Hg(CI l,)2 (4), which is a toxic compound formed by bacterial action on aqueous solutions of I Ig ions. Coordination numbers as high as 12 are found for members of the / block, but they are rare in the d block. One interesting type of d-mctal compound in which there are 10 links between the ligands and the central metal ion is ferrocene, dicyciopentadi-enyliron(O), [Fe(C5H5)2] (5). Ferrocene is an aptly named sandwich compound, with the two planar cyclopentadienyl ligands the bread and the metal atom the filling. The formal name for a sandwich compound is a metallocene. 

In this chapter, we present the theory and results of measurements on humic acid fractions using fluorescence techniques. The fluorescence techniques are attractive for this application because of the natural fluorescence of humic materials, the hi sensitivity of fluorescence detection, and the ability to directly observe the morphology of the molecule in aqueous solutions without the need for drying or applying harsh chemical conditions. Several interesting types of information are obtained from fluorescence measurements ... 

As has been pointed out, another interesting type of electrode-concentration cell is that comprising two hydrogen electrodes working at different pressures and remaining immersed in a solution of hydrochloric acid. The cell may be represented as ... 

Another interesting type of novel carbons applicable for supercapacitors, consists of a carbon/carbon composite using nanotubes as a perfect backbone for carbonized polyacrylonitrile. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), due to their entanglement form an interconnected network of open mesopores, which makes them optimal for assuring good mechanical properties of the electrodes while allowing an easy diffusion of ions. 

A novel intramolecular photocycloaddition involving vinylogous amides and allenes led to an interesting type lb entry to functionalized pyrroles <060L4031>. For example, photolysis of allene 11 provided fused pyrrole 12 via a [2+2] cycloaddition and retro-Mannich reaction. 

Generation of disulfonium dications involves stabilization of the cationic centers on the sulfur atoms through formation of a new S-S bond between the two sulfonium centers. When such an interaction involves more than two chalogen atoms, it leads to formation of new interesting types of dications, which contain hypervalent central atoms, such as sulfurane, selenurane or tellururane.94... 

Although the ECL phenomenon is associated with many compounds, only four major chemical systems have so far been used for analytical purposes [9, 10], i.e., (1) the ECL of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous and nonaqueous media (2) methods based on the luminol reaction in an alkaline solution where the luminol can be electrochemically produced in the presence of the other ingredients of the CL reaction (3) methods based on the ECL reactions of rutheni-um(II) tra(2,2 -bipyridinc) complex, which is used as an ECL label for other non-ECL compounds such as tertiary amines or for the quantitation of persulfates and oxalate (this is the most interesting type of chemical system of the four) and (4) systems based on analytical properties of cathodic luminescence at an oxide-coated aluminum electrode. 

At the other extreme, it is possible to examine individual examples of a single potentially interesting type to see simply what features turn... 

Twofold contacts are self-homologous—formed by equivalent surfaces from each of the participating subunits, while the occasional 3-fold (e.g., bacteriochlorophyll protein), 4-fold (hemerythrin), or 17-fold (tobacco mosaic virus) contact is heterologous—formed by joining two different surfaces. An especially interesting type of het-... 

Another interesting type of process is one that exhibits inverse response. This phenomenon, which occurs in a number of real systems, is sketched in Fig. 

However, the hydrogenation catalysts can be promoted also by compounds which are ineffective for the iron ammonia catalysts, e.g., by silica and silicates, silicofluorides, borates, and phosphates. An interesting type of hydrogenation catalysts was found in the form of zeolites which by ion exchange were impregnated with heavy metal salts. 

Arylsulfenylated methylcarbamates also may have other interesting types of selectivity. An example is given in the honey bee and house fly toxicity data in Table II for several derivatives of propoxur (13). Propoxur and most of the derivatives were highly toxic to the honey bee in fact, compounds 10-15 were substantially more toxic to the honey bee than to the house fly (also see Table I). The order of toxicity, however, was reversed with the 4-jt-butylphenyl analog (16) and the 2-methyl-4- t-butylphenyl analog (17) was virtually nontoxic to the honey bee, although it was still effective against the house fly. 

A very interesting type of POM catalyst with polyfluorinated quaternary ammonium salts as counterions for the oxidation of alkenes, alkenols and alcohols was developed by Neumann and coworkers in 2003 . This catalyst with the general composition... 

The alkylation of enolates from 1-acyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanols is not limited to compounds carrying two a-hydrogens. An example of an interesting type of dianion is that derived from the a-oxoamide 17, which is then alkylated with iodomethane to give a 87 13 ratio of diastereomers, as determined by NMR7. 

The flavazoles, an interesting type of pyrazoline derivative obtained by interacting sugar quinoxalines with phenylhydrazine, will be discussed in the next Section (see p. 398). 

Porous materials such as organic zeolites discussed in Section 8.4 are vigorously studied since they often exhibit catalytic activity [122]. An interesting type of zeolite materials is obtained by tucking chiral amines inside pores of a commercially available zeolite. Such an approach allowed Ramamurthy s group to enhance stereoselectivity of a photochemical reaction [122b]. 

Inclusion of many preparations of current interest has been possible only as the result of an active solicitation program. The Editorial Board welcomes suggestions for solicitations of examples of new and generally interesting types of reactions and compounds. 

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