Flowering pineapple

Naphthalene acetic acid is used to thin apple and pear blossoms and to control apple and pear preharvest drop (10). It also is used to induce flowering in pineapple, but conversely inhibits sprouting in potatoes, sweet potatoes, and turnips (Brassica rapd) (23). It also is used to promote rooting in... 

Essential oils are obtained from fmits and flowers (61,62). Volatile esters of short- and medium-chain carboxyHc acids or aromatic carboxyHc acids with short- and medium-chain alcohols are primary constituents of essential oils, eg, ethyl acetate in wines, brandy, and in fmits such as pineapple ben2yl acetate in jasmine and gardenia methyl saHcylate in oils of wintergreen and sweet birch. Most of these naturally occurring esters in essential oils have pleasant odors, and either they or their synthetic counterparts are used in the confectionery, beverage, perfume, cosmetic, and soap industries (see Oils, essential). 

Esters are among the most widespread of all naturally occurring compounds. Many simple esters are pleasant-smelling liquids that are responsible for the fragrant odors of fruits and flowers. For example, methyl butanoate is found in pineapple oil, and isopentyl acetate is a constituent of banana oil. The ester linkage is also present in animal fats and in many biologically important molecules. 

Acetic acid occurs naturally in many plant species including Merrill flowers Telosma cordata), in which it was detected at a concentration of 2,610 ppm (Furukawa et al., 1993). In addition, acetic acid was detected in cacao seeds (1,520 to 7,100 ppm), celery, blackwood, blueberry juice (0.7 ppm), pineapples, licorice roots (2 ppm), grapes (1,500 to 2,000 ppm), onion bulbs, oats, horse chestnuts, coriander, ginseng, hot peppers, linseed (3,105 to 3,853 ppm), ambrette, and chocolate vines (Duke, 1992). 

Uses Pre-emergence herbicide used in soil to control germinating broadleaf grasses and weeds in crops such as apples, cotton, grapes, pears, pineapples, and alfalfa sugar cane flowering depressant. 

Source Methanol occurs naturally in small-flowered oregano (5 to 45 ppm) (Baser et al., 1991), Guveyoto shoots (700 ppb) (Baser et al., 1992), orange juice (0.8 to 80 ppm), onion bulbs, pineapples, black currant, spearmint, apples, jimsonweed leaves, soybean plants, wild parsnip, blackwood, soursop, cauliflower, caraway, petitgrain, bay leaves, tomatoes, parsley leaves, and geraniums (Duke, 1992). 

In plants that flower on short days, auxin may inhibit flowering in plants that flower on long days, however, if close to the transition from the vegetative to the flowering state, auxin may promote flowering. In hemp and some of the squashes, auxin modifies the sexuality of the flowers toward femaleness. In the special case of pineapple, auxin directly causes flowering in an unusually clear-cut and quantitative response. 

As far back as the 1940 s, chemicals that we now classify as plant growth regulators were used experimentally to root cuttings and to promote flowering in pineapple. The first important commercial application of a plant growth regulator was in the 1940 s, when naphthalene acetic acid was applied, as it still is, to prevent the preharvest drop of apples. 

Although hydrazines are more commonly thought of as growth retardants, several of them, especially B-hydroxyethylhydrazine, were shown in the mid-1950 s to induce flowering in Hawaiian pineapples by Dr. Donald P. Gowing and Dr. Robert W. Leeper at the Pineapple Research Institute (1). 

White ports vary in style, depending on the duration of maturation. When aged in oak barrels for many years, the wine acquires a golden color that resembles a very old tawny wine and picks up a nutty character from the wood (Mayson, 2003). White ports destined to be drunk young are crisp, with an intense bouquet that combines aromas of melons and peach, with hints of citrus fruit, camomile, and lemon balm flowers. In contrast, white ports aged in wood present a complex aroma of tropical fruits, such as pineapple and banana, with a touch of almond and vanilla. 

In contrast to complex auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, ethylene is a simple gaseous compound. In 1932, it was discovered that ethylene would promote flowering in pineapples. The subsequent discovery of the role of ethylene in fruit ripening has been of considerable commercial importance in the banana and citrns industries. 

There are also several vernacular plant names in which the word moss is misused. Spanish moss is a flowering plant and relative of the pineapple. Reindeer... 

The Sorosis is represented by the Mulberry, Osage Orange, etc., the grains of which are not the ovaries of a single flower, as in the Blackberry, but belong to as many separate flowers. In the Pineapple all the parts are blended into a fleshy, juicy, seedless mass, and the plant is prop agated by cuttings. 

Ethylene promotes a large array of responses in seeds, plants, and fruits (Table I), some similar to and some dissimilar to effects of auxins. Those with actual or potential commercial application include (a) growth promotion of seedlings (rice), (b) inhibition of height growth, (c) root initiation, (d) chlorophyll destruction (citrus), (e) flower initiation (pineapple, bromeliads), (f) stimulation of fruit growth (figs). 

This delicious fruit started to become available in the northern hemisphere during the past 20 years. Its sweet, creamy, fmity taste is reminiscent of fresh cream with strawberries, pineapple and a floral aromatic exotic background in the direction of ylang-ylang, a flower of the same annona family. 

Use Intermediate, plant growth regulator, flowering inducer for pineapples. 

Fruits may also be classified into a number of structural types. The individual seed-bearing structures of the flower called carpels constitute the gynoecium. The seed-containing cavity of a carpel is called the ovary, and its wall develops into the pericarp of the fruit. The edible fleshy part of a fruit most commonly develops from the ovary wall, but it may be also derived from the enlarged tip of stem from which floral organs arise, and sometimes leaf-like structures protecting the flowers may also become fleshy, e.g., in pineapple. 

What is the gas responsible for these diverse effects on plants In 1934, R. Gane demonstrated that the simple alkene ethylene was the "emanation" responsible for fruit ripening. More recently, it has been shown that ethylene induces and synchronizes flowering in pineapples and mangos, induces senescence (aging) and loss of leaves in trees, and effects a wide variety of other responses in various plants. 

Uses Plant growth regulator defoliant for cotton flow stimulant for natural rubber, pine gum ripening aid for sugar cane, fruits, nuts flowering agent for pineapple color enhancer... 

---