Roots initiation

It is the regulation of these genes that has been surprising. Each of the above sequences is abundant in the mRNA populations of roots in Cu-tolerant M. guttatus, addition of metal (Cu, Cd or Zn) to the growth medium reduces the steady-state level of transcript in the roots (de Miranda et al., 1990). This repression appears to be a shock effect since roots initiated and grown continuously in Cu have levels of transcript... 

It has been shown that welds provide unique environments for the colonization of SRB with the subsequent production of sulfides that affect the weld seam surface of the heat-affected zone. Exposure of sulfide-derived surfaces to fresh, aerated seawater resulted in rapid spalling on the downstream side of weld seams. The bared surfaces became anodic to the sulfide-coated weld root, initiating and accelerating localized corrosion. (Dexter)5... 

Interest in silicon-based materials has established an international conununity whose roots initially dug in organic and silicon chemistry, polymer and sol-gel chemistry, and material science. This fact led Prof. Interrante and Prof. Kawakami to launch a series of workshops that began in Tatsunokuchi, Japan, in 1999 as a satellite workshop to the XU" International Symposium on Organosilicon Chemistry in Sendai. The first workshop was attended by over 100 participants from Asia, Europe, and the USA and its success emphasized the perceived need for a continuing forum for organosilicon polymer research a decision was then taken to maintain these workshops on a bi-annual basis. The second and third workshops were held in Canterbury, UK, in 2001, and Troy, USA, in 2003, both workshops achieved a similarly strong international participation. 

Ethylene promotes a large array of responses in seeds, plants, and fruits (Table I), some similar to and some dissimilar to effects of auxins. Those with actual or potential commercial application include (a) growth promotion of seedlings (rice), (b) inhibition of height growth, (c) root initiation, (d) chlorophyll destruction (citrus), (e) flower initiation (pineapple, bromeliads), (f) stimulation of fruit growth (figs). 

Heuser, C. W., Hess, C. E., Isolation of Three Lipid Root-Initiating Sub-... 

Poison hemlock toxicity has effects similar to those of nicotine. The alkaloid content varies significantly between species, plant parts, and geographic location. The alkaloid concentration increases in all parts as the plant matures but remains the highest in the roots. Initial CNS stimulation, nausea, vomiting, and sore throat are followed by cardiorespiratory depression and ascending paralysis. 

Vapor root (initial guess ofV = 7.1 x 10 7 m2/molfrom ideal gas equation) ... 

Mylonas, V.A. and C. B. McCants Effects of humic and fulvic acids on growth of tobacco. I. Root initiation and elongation Plant and Soil 54 (1980) 485 90. 

Auxins are one of the five major classes of plant-produced hormones that affect plant growth including bud formation and root initiation (see http //en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Plant hormone Auxins), lndole-3-acetic acid is the most common auxin found in plants. Although the small amounts produced internally have the desired effects, auxins are toxic to plants in larger amounts. The nefarious weed-control products 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T target the auxin receptor but bear little resemblance to the natural ligand. Other man-made auxins such as 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid are used, not to kill weeds, but to stimulate root production in cuttings taken from the parent plant (Scheme 6). 

The known biological effects of auxin are numerous. In addition to cellular elongation, apical dominance and root initiation, the more important effects include callus formation, parthenocarpy, phototropism and geotropism. 

The mode of the germination-stimulatory action of coumarin on plant cells has been widely studied [106—110], and it is similar to the action of plant hormones which control different functions and processes of growth. The relationship between the effects of coumarins and auxins has been suggested [106, 107]. Coumarin in different concentrations stimulates stem and shoot elongation [108, 109] it also elicits a similar action [111] on substances which affect root initiation, cambial activity, and leaf expansion [108, 110]. The plant hormones and coumarin also stimulate the growth of roots. In low concentrations, coumarin exerts a synergistic action with plant growth substances, while with... 

Casimiro, I., Marchant, A., Bhalerao, R.E et al. (2001). Auxin transport promotes Arabidopsis lateral root initiation. Plant Cell, 13, 843-852. 

Edema (2010b) reported leaf bud formation in Allium cepa at 25% WSF and root initiation at 50% and 100% WSF treatments. Total inhibition of root was recorded for produced water at... 

Schnitzer and co-workers also demonstrated that FA stimulated root initiation in hypocotyl segments of Phaseolus vulgaris. Interestingly, the optimal concentration of FA required in the hypocotyl system (3000 - 6000 mgl is considerably greater than the 25 mgl reported... 

Carboxylic acids are almost certainly involved in root initiation in... 

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