Plant Names

The report includes pedigree information on each plant. This includes plant name and unit number, type, vendor, number of pumps, pump designer, pump model number, and number of seal stages. 

Interface with International Plant Names Index... 

Figure 4.4 The general protocol for information extraction from an herbal text (A-E) is paired with case examples from our work with the Ambonese Herbal by Rumphius. (A) Text is digitized. (B) Through either manual reading or automated extraction the plant name(s), plant part(s), and symptoms or disorders are identified. (C) These extracted data are then updated (as necessary) to reflect current names of the plants, using the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), and the pharmacological function(s) of the described medicinal plants are extrapolated from the mentioned symptoms and disorders. (D) The current botanical names are queried against a natural products database such as the NAPRALERT database to determine whether the plant has been previously examined. (E) Differential tables are generated that separate the plants examined in the literature from plants that may warrant further examination for bioactivity. (Adapted from Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, with permission.) See color plate.

As more is known regarding plant taxonomy, plant names change. Because the rules used to define how plants are named imply certain relationships [29]... 

Nonetheless, these changes in plant names can be difficult to manage. Fortunately, there are a number of databases that provide correlations between historic names and the current names of these plants. We have chosen to use the International Plant Names Index for our analysis [33]. By querying this database we are able to either validate the name of the plant in the historic text or, more frequently, to update the plant name to the current name. 

Incorporating the Kirtas system with the International Plant Names Index and SNOW-MED allows movement of the historic text into an electronic format, identihcation of current plant names, and identihcation of the symptoms treated with the plants. To complete the mining of historic herbal texts for novel drug leads we use the Natural Products Alert (NAPRALERT ) database to compare the information extracted from the historic herbal text to the reports of plant use in the current literature. The NAPRALERT database provides a summary of plants ethnopharmacological use, biochemical activities, and isolated compounds [27]. By querying each plant (with the current plant name) it is possible to identify any reports in the current literature regarding the plant. As an example, Table 4.1 shows the NAPRALERT output for Cycas rumphii. 

The International Plant Names Index, Published on the Internet http // www.ipni.org. 2004. 

The 1435 data points selected for use here were divided into three susceptibility groupings on the basis of information from Table VIII in Heck and Brandt and Table 6-6 in Air Quality Criteria for Photochemical OxidantsThese tables were modified on the basis of the analysis of the data used, and are presented in Table 11-23. The three susceptibility groups were sensitive (471 data points), intermediate (373 data points), and resistant (291 data points). The plants (and appropriate references) in each susceptibility group are listed in Table 11-24. In addition, see Index of Plant Names and Reference Numbers, the last section of this chapter. Note that the italicized references in Table 11-24 were not used in compiling the data for the generation of Figure 11-6 and Table 11-25. 

Country Site and plant name Capacity (ton per year) Solvent Year commissioned... 

The purposes of this paper are to review one of the common mechanisms of detoxication in plants, namely conjugation, and to present data showing that salicylic acid, an allelopathlc phenolic acid, is enzymatically conjugated by oat roots. 

The International Plant Names Index, http //www.inpi.org/ (accessed 04 October... 

The production of acids and bases is a direct consequence of the works of alchemists who did not start to work in the Middle Ages but in Hellenistic Alexandria [13]. So, from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, the following names appear vitriol or sulfuric acid H SO, eau forte or nitric acid HNO, and esprit de sef or solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water. The traditionally known bases such as potash, soda, or ammonia were called alkalis (from the Arabic word al-qaly designating the plants named soda). 

Regrettably, it has not proved possible to reach a final conclusion on this question at this time for two reasons that were unanticipated when the study was proposed. The first reason is related to the reluctance of the Saramaka people to allow access to their ethnobotanical knowledge. Because of this, the plant names of most of the "ethnobotanical" samples are still unknown to all except Stan Malone of Cl-Suriname, who has been entrusted with them by the tribal peoples. It thus has not been possible to sort through the plant collection data and remove duplicate samples and other artifacts which might affect the overall evaluation process. In addition, because of the coding system used, it has not proved possible to eliminate duplicate samples from the same plant, since, for example, roots and stems and leaves from one plant might be coded differently. It is hoped that this problem can be overcome in the future, but at present we must respect and work to overcome the concerns of our informants. 

Biosynthetic reactions forming apiose can be divided into decar-boxylative reactions resulting in the biosynthesis of UDP-apiose, and transglycosylation reactions resulting in the transfer of apiose from one compound to another. Formation of apiose in vitro has been extensively investigated in only two species of plants, namely, parsley (P. crispum) and duckweed (L. minor). Enzymes from these sources have been used in demonstrating the formation of apiose in vitro 4- ... 

Plowden, C.C. A manual of Plant Names", George Hillen and Unwin, Ltd 1968. 

T. Smitinand, Thai Plant Names. Funny Publ., Bangkok, 1980. 

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