Flammable materials handling solids

OSHA requires flame retardant clothing (FRC) for workers at sites based on the quantity of flammable materials (liquids, solids, and gasses) and reactive chemicals that are handled and/or processed with activities at a facility. Both OSHA and NFPA 2113 see the need for FRC if 1) flash fire hazards exist on a continuous basis in various site areas and 2) when employees such as operators and maintenance personnel are in the areas where flash fire hazards exist. FRC can significantly reduce a bum injury by giving the wearer precious escape time from an ignition source and can greatly increase the chance for survival if the wearer is caught in a flash fire or electric arc. 

OSHA Requirements Based on the large quantity of flammable materials (liquids, solids, and gasses) and reactive chemicals that are handled/processed with associated on-site movement activities at your facility, we believe any worksite assessment required by OSHA or NFPA 2113 would conclude that ... 

Carbon dioxide systems-Tliis system can be used where there is a handling and storage of gaseous and flammable materials, electrical equipment, and hazardous solids by introducing an inert gas (such as carbon dioxide) into the area in order to reduce the concentration of oxygen to the point where the fire will be extinguished. 

Flammable liquids and solids are subdivided according to their flash points and many oxidizing substances can cause fire when in contact with combustible materials. Storage, handling and disposal are obviously major features to be considered when using such substances. 

Explosive materials must be disposed of in a way that protects all personnel from consequences that might occur during handling. Potentially explosive material must not be disposed of in landfills, even in a laboratory pack. Small quantities of commercial explosives can be incinerated after reducing the explosive potential by dilution with a flammable solvent or solid such as sawdust. Small containers of diluted explosive should be fed into an incinerator one at a time. The incinerator operator should be fully aware of the nature of the materials being handled. Also any potentially explosive material(s) should only be transported on public roads with specialized handling equipment and adequate protection. 

Distribution costs depend on plant location, physical state of the material (whether liquid, gas, or solid), nature of the material (whether corrosive, explosive, flammable, perishable, or toxic), freight rates, and labor costs. Distribution costs may be affected by any of the following new methods of materials handling, safety regulations, productivity agreements, wage rates, transportation systems, storage systems, quality, losses, and seasonal effects. 

Since the first commercial application to carbonless copy paper in the 1950s, microencapsulation with coacervation technology has been successfully applied to many other areas, such as food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnology, and agrochemicals. The capsules provide such functions as controlled release, taste masking, improved heat and oxidative stability, reduced volatility/ flammability/toxicity, separation of reactive incompatibles, improved shelf-life, conversion of liquids to solids, and improved flowability as well as material handling. Among various coacervation processes, complex coacervation is most prevalent. 

Vertical Pressure Leaf Filters are essentially the same as Horizontal Plate Filters except for the orientation of the filter elements which are vertical rather than horizontal. They are applied for the polishing slurries with very lov solids content of 1-5% or for cake filtration with a solids concentration of 20-25%. As with the horizontal plate filter the vertical leaf filters are also well suited for handling flammable, toxic and corrosive materials since they are autoclaved and designed for hazardous environments when high pressure and safe operation are required. Likewise, they may be readily jacketed for applications whenever hot or cold temperatures are to be preserved.The largest leaf filters in horizontal vessels have a filtration area of 300 m and vertical vessels 100 m both designed for an operating pressure of 6 bar. 

Properties and handling. At ambient temperatures, phthalic anhydride is a white crystalline solid. It is slightly soluble in water. It is commercially available in two grades—pure (99.5%) and technical (99%). It is shipped in drums and bags in the solid form. Liquid phthalic anhydride is shipped in heated tank cars and trucks. It is not classified as a hazardous material because it is not corrosive or flammable. 

Ferrostlicons are compds prepd by fusing iron and silica in an electric furnace at high temps. Some of the high silicon varieties, particularly 50/50 compd, are expl and are dangerous to transport and to handle. FeSi is of unknown toxicity. Moisture, steam, or water decompose it and impurities liberate phosphine and arsine with water. Expl and fire hazards are considered moderate and arise from the reaction with water. For shipping purposes FeSi with Sx 30—70% is considered a flammable solid and must carry yellow labels. If the Si is less than 30 or more than 70%, the material is not considered hazardous... 

Because flammable liquid materials ate not convenient to handle, attempts were made to convert them into a solid state. During WWI solid oils had already been prepd by treating the petroleum distillates with sodium stearate or other materials, but they were used only in some incendiary bombs, shells, Li yen s drams and trench stoves, and not in flame throwers... 

Hazard Class 4 - Division 4.1. Flammable Solids (These include but are not limited to self-reactive materials which are materials that are liable to undergo at normal or elevated temperatures a strong exothermic decomposition caused by excessively high handling temperatures or by contaminattion,, and readily combustible materials which may cause a fire through friction) ... 

Pseudocumene is shipped in barges, tank cars, tank trucks, isocontainers, and drums. Mesitylene is shipped in tank trucks, isocontainers, and drums, whereas durene is shipped molten in heated tank trucks, isocontainers, and occasionally as a cast solid in drums. Mesitylene, pseudocumene, and hemimellitene are classified as flammable liquids the higher homologues are classified as combustible. The higher melting PMBs require additional precautions when handled in the molten state to avoid thermal bums. Detailed shipping and handling procedures are described in manufacturers material safety data sheets (MSDS). 

The precautions to be taken will vary with the properties of the chemical. For example, dimethylmercury is volatile (bp 92°C), oil soluble, and flammable. Hence it should be handled well back in a hood, its container should be open as little as possible, gloves of oil-resistant material (neoprene or nitrile rubber) should be worn, the user s front should be protected by a rubber apron if more than a gram or so is used, and no open flame should be nearby. With thalidomide, a solid of negligible volatility and low oil-solubility, prompt stoppering of an opened container would be less important, thin... 

Clinical laboratories deal with each of the nine classes of hazardous materials. These are classified by the United Nations (UN) as (1) explosives, (2) compressed gases, (3) flammable liquids, (4) flammable solids, (5) oxidizer materials, (6) toxic materials, (7) radioactive materials, (8) corrosive materials, and (9) miscellaneous materials not elsewhere classified. Shipping and handling of Class (6) toxic materials,... 

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