Carbon dioxide system

The fugacity coefficient of thesolid solute dissolved in the fluid phase (0 ) has been obtained using cubic equations of state (52) and statistical mechanical perturbation theory (53). The enhancement factor, E, shown as the quantity ia brackets ia equation 2, is defined as the real solubiUty divided by the solubihty ia an ideal gas. The solubiUty ia an ideal gas is simply the vapor pressure of the sohd over the pressure. Enhancement factors of 10 are common for supercritical systems. Notable exceptions such as the squalane—carbon dioxide system may have enhancement factors greater than 10. Solubihty data can be reduced to a simple form by plotting the logarithm of the enhancement factor vs density, resulting ia a fairly linear relationship (52). 

Carbon dioxide systems-Tliis system can be used where there is a handling and storage of gaseous and flammable materials, electrical equipment, and hazardous solids by introducing an inert gas (such as carbon dioxide) into the area in order to reduce the concentration of oxygen to the point where the fire will be extinguished. 

Carbon dioxide systems often used on Class B fires. 

Hindered rotation, 33, 34 internal, 367 Homopolymer, 168, 183 Hot bands, 374 Hot lattice, 4, 11, 21 Hydrates, 7, 9, 21, 31, 41 crystallization, 44 Hydrochloric acid clathrates, 2 in hydroquinone, 7 Hydrogen, bound, 4, 175 bromine hydrate, 35 4- carbon dioxide system, 110 4 carbon monoxide system, 96, 108 chloride hydrate, 35 clathrates, 2 chloride, 30... 

Metallic solutions, 120 Methacrylonitrile, 155 Methane, -f carbon dioxide system, 97 in clathrates, 30, 41 hydrate, 33, 34, 47... 

To illustrate this thermodynamic consistency test, Figs. 15, 16, and 17 show plots of the appropriate functions needed to calculate Areas I, II, and III, respectively, for the nitrogen-carbon dioxide system at 0°C the data are taken from Muirbrook (M5). Fugacity coffiecients were calculated with the modified Redlich-Kwong equation (R4). 

Millero, F. J. (1995). Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide system in the ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 661-677. 

Errington, J. R., Prewetting transitions for a model argon on solid carbon dioxide system, Langmuir 2004, 20, 3798-3804... 

Figure 4. Comparison of predicted and experimental bubble point pressures for methanol-carbon dioxide system ((C)) (14) (A, V) (24) (---) predicted)...

We have chosen the water - carbon dioxide system for this study for several reasons. Relatively little literature exists for this important system. This mixture is important in combus-... 

Carbon dioxide systems should be designed and installed and tested in accordance with NFPA 12. Fixed CO2 systems may be total flooding or local application systems as described in the following sections. An example of a carbon dioxide system is shown in Figure 7-34. 

Examples of areas or equipment that may be successfully protected by total flooding CO2 systems are rooms, vaults, and enclosed machines spaces. An example of a total flooding carbon dioxide system is shown in Figure 7-35. 

NFPA 12 should be followed for the acceptance testing of carbon dioxide systems. 

Check and test the carbon dioxide system for proper operation. 

The high-pressure phase behavior of polymer-solvent-supercritical carbon dioxide systems was investigated experimentally The polymers used were poly(methyl methacrylate), polystyrene, polybutadiene, and poly(vinyl ethyl ether) at concentrations ranging from 5 to 10% in mixtures with toluene or tetrahydrofuran. The experiments were conducted for temperatures from 25 to 70°C and pressures up to 2200 psi in a high-pressure cell (Kiamos and Donohue, 1994). 

The addition of hydrogen or water vapor to the carbon monoxide-carbon dioxide system results in even greater complexity (19, 36). There are some indications that water vapor has no effect on the second limit. However, the reason for this cannot be the same as that given for the lack of a nitrogen effect. 

One of each garment was dry cleaned 20 times in perchloroethylene, one was dry cleaned 20 times in the Micare liquid carbon dioxide system, and one was used as a standard control sample and was not cleaned. The color change in the cleaned garments was measured using a high-resolution color reflectometer, and the changes were scaled versus the noncleaned identical garment. 

Daneshvar M, Kim S, Gulari E (1990) High-pressure phase equilibria of polyethylene glycol-carbon dioxide systems. J Phys Chem 94(5) 2124—2128... 

Weidner E, Wiesmet V, Knez Z et al (1997) Phase equilibrium (solid-liquid-gas) in polyethylene glycol-carbon dioxide systems. J Supercrit Fluids 10(3) 139-147... 

The location of the UCEP is quite important in these mixtures this critical point gives the maximum temperature at which solid-gas equilibrium exists at all pressures. In order to obtain its location, we first used our NMR method to determine the S-L-G line. The results of our experimental determination of the pressure-temperature trace for the solid-liquid-gas equilibrium line that terminates at the UCEP for the naphthalene-carbon dioxide system is shown in Figure 7. 

J. Sadlej, P. Mazurek, Ab initio calculations on the water-carbon dioxide system. Theochem 337, 129 (1995)... 

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