Horizontal vessel

Horizontal Vessel, Vertical Leaf Filters. In a cylindrical vessel with a horizontal axis (Fig. 18), the vertical leaves can be arranged either laterally or longitudinally. The latter, less common, arrangement may be designed as the vertical vessel, vertical leaf filters but mounted horizontally. Its design is suitable for smaller duties and the leaves can be withdrawn individually through the opening end of the vessel. 

Generally, the horizontal vessel, vertical filters with leaves arranged laterally can be designed up to filtration areas of 300 m. Cake washing is possible but must be carried out with caution since there is a danger of the cake falling off... 

Horizontal vessel filters with vertical rotating elements have been under rapid development with the aim of making truly continuous pressure filters, particularly for the filtration of fine coal. 

Horizontal Vessel, Horizontal Leaf Filters. These filters consist of a horizontal cylindrical vessel with an opening at one end (Fig. 19). A stack of rectangular horizontal trays is mounted inside the vessel the trays can usuaUy be withdrawn for cake discharge, either individuaUy or in the whole assembly. The latter case requires a suitable carriage. One alternative design aUows the tray assembly to be rotated through 90° so that the cake can faU off into the bottom part, designed in the shape of a hopper and fitted with a screw conveyor. 

The trays may be fitted with rims this is particularly useful for flooding the trays in washing operations. Scavenger leaves are often used. FUtration areas up to 50 m are avaUable. Like aU horizontal leaf filters, horizontal vessel, horizontal leaf filters are particularly suitable when thorough washing is needed. 

The patented system (15) has stationary disks mounted inside a pressure vessel (horizontal vessel, vertical disks) which is mounted on rollers and can rotate slowly about its axis. A screw conveyor is mounted in the stationary center of rotation it conveys the cake, which is blown off the leaves when they pass above the screw, to one end of the vessel where it falls into a vertical chute. The cake discharge system involves two linear sHde valves that sHde the cake through compartments which gradually depressurize it and move it out of the vessel without any significant loss of pressure. The system rehes entirely on the cake falling freely from one compartment to another as the valves move across. This may be an unrealistic assumption, particularly with sticky cakes when combined with lots of sliding contact surfaces which are prone to abrasion and jamming, the practicality of the system is questionable. 

The vertical position is preferred if the plot space is tight. Horizontal vessels are easier to support and are preferred when large Hquid surge volumes are required. The Hquid level displacement height for a unit volume is much less for a horizontal vessel than for a vertical vessel, which makes the control range shorter than for a vertical vessel. The displacement height per unit volume is only approximately linear on horizontal vessel when the level is near the center line, however. This can be a problem if the normal Hquid level is too low or too high and the instniments are not tuned for quick response. 

Figure 7 shows nozzle locations and support arrangements for a typical horizontal vessel (7). The saddles used for support are sustained by concrete pedestals or steel stmctures. Sufficient clearance between the bottom nozzles and the support saddles needs to be provided for access to the nozzle flange bolts. The manway can be located on the end head of the vessel, the topside of the vessel, or the side of the vessel. The preference is for an end manway wherever possible for accessibiHty, except when it is limited by the level gauges and controls that are commonly mounted off the heads. 

Reactors. Reactors are a special type of vertical vessel. Some reactors are also in horizontal vessels but this is rare. Reference 7 covers reactors in more detail (see also Reactor technology). Reactors provide the means by which chemical reactions occur to transform feedstocks into products. 

FIG. 26-22 Multireactor knockout (K-O) drum/catch tank a) plan view of reactors connected to horizontal containment vessel (h) back-to-back bursting disc assembly (c) elevation of self-supporting vessel (d) elevation of horizontal vessel on roof of building (e) elevation of horizontal vessel on side of building. 

The quencher arm shoiild be anchored to prevent pipe whip. It should also extend to the length (for horizontal vessels) or the height (for vertical vessels) of the vessel to evenly distribute the vapors in the pool. 

The length should be sufficient to extend beyond the locations of the reactors discharging into the vessel so as to simphfy discharge pipe runs (for a horizontal vessel). 

For horizontal vessels—at least equal to the maximum diameter. 

Vertical Pressure Leaf Filters are essentially the same as Horizontal Plate Filters except for the orientation of the filter elements which are vertical rather than horizontal. They are applied for the polishing slurries with very lov solids content of 1-5% or for cake filtration with a solids concentration of 20-25%. As with the horizontal plate filter the vertical leaf filters are also well suited for handling flammable, toxic and corrosive materials since they are autoclaved and designed for hazardous environments when high pressure and safe operation are required. Likewise, they may be readily jacketed for applications whenever hot or cold temperatures are to be preserved.The largest leaf filters in horizontal vessels have a filtration area of 300 m and vertical vessels 100 m both designed for an operating pressure of 6 bar. 

The two types of vessel geometries employed are vertieal and horizontal. In most of the fine ehemieals proeesses the leaves are fitted into vertieal vessels whereas horizontal vessels are used in the heavier process industries sueh as the preparation of sulfur in phosphoric acid plants. The leaves inside horizontal tanks may be positioned either along the tank axis or perpendieular to the axis. In order to utilize the tank volume for maximum filtration area the width of the leaves is graduated so they fit to the eireular eontour of the tank. 

The weight of pedestals for a horizontal vessel can be estimated as 10% of the total weight of the vessel. 

Small vertical vessels may be supported by angle support legs, as shown in Figure 12-11. Larger vertical vessels are generally supported by a skirt support, as shown in Figure 12-12. At least two (2) vent holes, 180" apart, should be provided at the uppermost location in the. skirt to prevent the accumulation of gas, which may create explosive conditions. Horizontal vessels are generally supported by a pair of saddle type supports. 

NAO Inc. has a nnmber of proprietary designs for both vertical and horizontal vessel hydranlic flame arresters. Figure 5-8 shows the main components of a vertical dnal feed hydranlic flame arrester, and Figure 5-9 shows the details of a horizontal hydranlic flame arrester. 

To begin, there is a dispersion band through w hich the phases must separate. Good practice [32] normally keeps the vertical height of the dispersed phase, Hd < 10% of decanter height (normally a horizontal vessel), and ... 

Horizontal vessels as cylinders are generally more suitable for diameters up to about 8 feet than other shapes, or vertical, due in part to the increased interfacial area for interface formation. For a horizontal drum (See Figure 4-12) ... 

Using ASME flanged and disbed heads (F D) from Appendix Tables of Blanks, the circle size is 152 in. for a 12-ft diameter tank. Then add 3-in. straight flange which becomes 158 in. which is 158/12 = 13.166 ft diameter. Area of this diam,eter for surface area of head = 136.14 sq ft equivalent surface area of one head. For a horizontal vessel there are two heads possibly exposed to fire. 

Though saddles are the most commonly used support for horizontal cylindrical vessels, legs can be used for small vessels. A horizontal vessel will normally be supported at two cross-sections if more than two saddles are used the distribution of the loading is uncertain. 

A horizontal vessel, 10 ft long and 3 ft in diameter, contains water. What relief size is required to protect the vessel from fire exposure Assume the following vapor relief only, M AWP of 200 psig, conventional spring-operated relief. 

Can be activated rapidly. Uneven water distribution for horizontal vessels. 

Example of Horizontal Vessel Rupture Calculation Method. 128... 

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