Masking taste

Taste masking often needs to be taken into consideration in the development of an oral dosage form to ensure patience compliance. Many active pharmaceutical ingredients and/or bulking agents possess undesirable bitter tastes, which need to be overcome during the formulation process. A variety of different 

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Taste-Masking/Quick Dissolving. Eurand Research and Development, http //www.eurand.co m/wt/tert.php3 page name=taste masking... 

Taste masking Control of drug release phthalate (for enteric coatings)... 

Agresti, C., Tu, Z., Ng, C., Yang, Y., and Liang, J. F. (2008). Specific interactions between diphenhydramine and a-helical poly(glutamic acid)—A new ion-pairing complex for taste masking and pH-controlled diphenhydramine release. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 70 (1), 226-233. 

Kayumba, P. C., Huyghebaert, N., Cordelia, C., Ntawukuliryayo, J. D., Vervaet, C., and Remon, J. P. (2007). Quinine sulphate pellets for flexible pediatric drug dosing Formulation development and evaluation of taste-masking efficiency using the electronic tongue. Eur. J. Pharm. Biophurm. 66,460-465. 

Zheng, J. Y. and Keeney, M. P. (2006). Taste masking analysis in pharmaceutical formulation development using an electronic tongue. Int. J. Pharm. 310(1-2), 118-124. 

Masking via enhancing positive sensory drivers can lead to the suppression of negative sensory drivers. This can be done by addition of sweeteners/ acidulants, congruent flavours with the ability of suppression and round-off, and real taste-masking and flavour-modifying components. 

Application of. Aqueous coatings Taste mask coatings Hot-melt coatings... 

Taste masking/improvement of palatability Many drugs have a poor taste, and formulation can overcome this. 

Calcium carbonate (70%) and sorbitol (30%) Formaxx CaC03 70 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany High compressibility, excellent taste masking, free flow, superior content uniformity, controlled particle size distribution... 

Absence of film 3. Effective taste masking is weight basis) of... 

Relatively simple Limited weight gains Taste mask coatings... 

In the pharmaceutical industry, ion-exchange resins are used for drug stabilization and as aids for tablet disintegration. Ion exchangers are also used for taste masking, for sustained-release products, as topical products for application to skin, and for ophthalmic or nasal delivery.4... 

The relative sweetness of NeoDHC is quoted at 250-1300 depending on concentration (Horowitz Gentili, 1985). Its taste is characterised by a slow onset time and a lingering liquorice aftertaste. This is a major limitation on its use in soft drinks applications. However, NeoDHC has some interesting taste-masking properties and has been used at very low levels (6-12 ppm) to mask bitterness in fruit juices (Horowitz and Gentili, 1985). 

For oral liquids, taste masking becomes essential. The effects of solubilizing agents such as complexing agents and cosolvents on taste need to be evaluated. 

Robson, H., Craig, D.Q.M., and Deutsch, D. (2000) An investigation into the release of cefuroxime axetil from taste-masked stearic acid microspheres. II. The effects of buffer composition on drug rtelteafee. 

Several good surfactants in terms of solubility, compatibility, and toxicity can be selected for prototype formulation development. In general, one surfactant can be used as the primary solubilizer in a prototype formulation. Functional excipients, such as antioxidants, tonicity agents for parenteral products and sweeteners, and taste masking agents for oral products, may be added to the prototyp formulation. 

Of the 96 patients selected, 55 were positive for Dermatophagoides (57%) and 41 were positive for Graminaceae or Parietaria (43%). The patients selected were randomized into two groups the active group that received specific LNIT and the placebo group that received a lactose powder formulation in order to be taste-masked. Ah patients gave written informed consent. 

Figure 1 Functions of enteric coatings according to the statements of the pharmaceutical manufacturer. 1, Taste masking 2, stability 3, protection against local irritation 4, drug release in specific parts 5, odor masking.

Measure formulation function, such as release or disintegration profile and nonrelease properties like taste-masking. 

Constraints with these systems are that many pharmaceutical actives have an unpleasant bitter taste that can actually reduce compliance among patients. Iron salts, for example, can impart a rusty taste, and some antihistamines such as promethazine HC1 can have a bitter aftertaste. As such, active formulations require very effective taste-masking strategies to provide acceptable patient tolerance and to ensure patient adherence to their pharmaceutical regimen. 

Issues of taste masking for chewable formulations may be addressed by coating in wet granulation. The granulating/coating agent should form a flexible rather than... 

Excipients used in the formulation usually include a mixture of a water-soluble polymer and a crystalline sugar. Mannitol and natural polysaccharides such as gelatin and alginates are used. Microencapsulation and complexation with ion exchange resins can be combined with additional flavors and sweeteners for taste masking of bitter drugs. The fairly complex nature of manufacture and scale-up contributes to... 

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