Fire protection fluid

Innovation 3 3M s Novec 1230 Fire Protection Fluid does not get things wet. 

One example of this type of product innovation is the 3M Novec 1230 Fire Protection Fluid that was developed using a balanced lifecycle approach. Until the early 1990s, halon was used for critical fire protection applications (e.g., communications and electronic equipment). With the production of halons banned because of high ozone depletion potential and most of the halon replacement... 

Finishes Thermal insulations require an external covering (finish) to provide protection against entry of water or process fluids, mechanical damage, and ultraviolet degradation of foamed materials. In some cases the finish can reduce the flame-spread rating and/or provide fire protection. 

Install flame arresters on atmospheric vents to prevent fire on the outside of the tank from propagating back into the vapor space inside the tank. Provide fire resistant insulation for critical vessels, piping, outlet valves on tanks, valve actuators, instruments lines, and key electrical facilities. Provide remote controlled, automatic, and fire-actuated valves to stop loss of tank contents during an emergency provide fire protection to these valves. Valves should be close-coupled to the tank, and must be resistant to corrosion or other deleterious effects of spilled fluids. Vessels should be provided with overpressure relief protection. 

These systems must be inherently reliable and safe, particularly from the point of view of fire protection, and fire-resistant fluids can be used for control systems in order to reduce this risk. Fire-detection and fire-fighting systems should always be provided for any turbogenerator installation. 

Kelly, A. A., Examination of smoke movement in a two-story compartment using salt water and computational fluid dynamics modeling, MS Thesis, Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 2001. 

Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals Recommended Practice on Materials, Equipment and Systems Used in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres Standard for the Storage, Use, and Handling of Compressed Gases and Cryogenic Fluids in Portable and Stationary Containers, Cylinders, and Tanks Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code... 

Nelson, H.E. 2002. From Phlogiston to Computational Fluid Dynamics. Fire Protection Engineering. 

Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 45) (1991). Contains information on compressed gases and cryogenic fluids. 

An example of need to re-examine the requirements is illustrated in the conduct of a Level 1" fire endurance test. In this test, a pipe spool is placed inside a furnace with no fluid inside (other than N2 gas at 0.7 bar) and subjected to a hydrocarbon fire temperature curve ranging from 945°C after 5 minutes up to 1100°C after a period of 60 minutes. This exposure would exceed the structural strength of steel and is extremely more severe than any plastic pipe could endure without significant amounts of passive fire protection. The purpose of this test is to assure that there would be no loss of integrity (that) may cause outflow of flammable fluid and worsen the fire situation. ... 

The APIOOO design process was directed at creating a fire protection system that requires no safety claims to be made on fire-fighting fluids at all. This was attempted by careful design of the plant layout into fire areas and zones, such that the equipment in a given fire area could be lost to tire fire without loss of overall plant safety functions. Within the Containment Vessel, additional spatial separation requirements were enforced for redimdant equipment, to make sure safety functions could be obtained in the event of a fire in the containment. This eliminated the requirement for a pumped fire protection system for internal fire hazards except for Beyond Design Basis fire events in the clean side of the Auxihary Building. 

The RMS provides plant effluent monitoring, process and fluid monitoring, airborne monitoring, and continuous indication of the radiation environment in plant areas where such information is required. Radiation monitors that have a function important to safety are qualified environmentally, seismically, or both and conform to separation and fire protection criteria. 

Total Plant Shutdown A total plant BSD effectively shuts down the total plant or facihty under emergency conditions. Isolation valves are closed to stop the flow of combustible, flammable, or potentially toxic fluids and to stop heat input to process heaters or reboilers, and rotating equipment. Activation of a total plant BSD should not stop or impede the operation of fire protection or suppression systems, deluge systems, sump pumps, or critical utilities such as instrument or process air. 

Model the building and fire scenarios with the help of Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) including dynamic interactions of fire protection of systems (Mahdavi 1996)... 

FAA AC 25-22, Certification of Transport Airplane Mechanical Systems, Section 25.863 Flammable Fluid Fire Protection, March 14,2000. 

James et al. [26] applied the commercial software of computational fluid d5mamics (CFD) in their strategy to simulate the heat and moisture diffusive and convective transport as well as effect of sweating to predict the performance of chemical and steam/fire protective clothing. Kothari et al. [27] simulated the convective heat transfer through textiles with the help of CFD to observe the effects of convection on the total heat transfer of the fabric. The software tools like CFD provide a possible pathway for the user to simulate the heat and fluid distribution in the clothing. However, these tools do not take into account the structural features of the... 

Other Considerations Autoignition can occur if combustible fluids are absorbed by wicking-type insulations. Chloride stress corrosion of austenitic stainless steel can occur when chlorides are concentrated on metal surfaces at or above approximately 60°C (140°F). The chlorides can come from sources other than the insulation. Some calcium sihcates are formulated to exceed the requirements of the MIL-I-24244A specification. Fire resistance of insulations varies widely. Calcium sihcate, cellular glass, glass fiber, and mineral wool are fire-resistant but do not perform equally under actual fire conditions. A steel jacket provides protection, but aluminum does not. 

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