Accidents fires

Uehara and Hoosegow (1986) Human error accounted for 5S% of the fire accidents in refineries du.j lo improper management 12. improper design 12. improper m,iterials 11 misoperation i improper inspection improper repair 9 - other errors 27%... 

Nichols, B. D. and W. S. Gregory, 1986, FIRAC User s Manual A Computer Code to Simulate Fire Accidents in Nuclear Facilities, NUREG/CR-4561 (LA-10678-M), LANL, April. 

Nichols, B. D. et al., Fire-Accident Analysis Code (FIRAC) Verification, LA-UR-86-2860, LANL, 19th >OE/NRC Nuclear Air Cleaning Conference. 

In addition to assessing a fire s flame cliaracteristies to detennine tlie cause and effect of a fire, knowledge of tlie fire accident type will provide insight into its ignition source and possible fire protection and prevention methods. Electrical, chemical, and metal fires can occur in a solid, liquid, or gaseous pliase. Section 7.3 presents a detmled discussion of tliese fires and tlieir ignition sources. 

Having discussed tlie fundamental cliaracteristics of fires in general and tlie different types of fire, we now e.xamine more closely fire accidents tliat occur in process pkuits. Specifically, we review plant fire classifications, sources, causes, damage potentials, and detection and protection systems. 

The most conuiion cause of fire accidents in process plants is equipment failure. Tliis is primarily a result of poor equipment maintenance or poor equipment layout and design. Maintenance perfonned according to a detailed and well structured schedule will significantly reduce tlie occurrence of fire accidents. Tlie second largest cause of fire accidents is ignorance of tlie properties of a specific chemical or chemical process. Proper training of employees will increase tlieir knowledge of tlie properties of a specific chemical and chemical process and can prevent many of tliese chemical fire accidents. 

Most fire accidents involve a large loss of life and extensive property diuiiage. Frequently, a fire is preceded by an explosion, E.xplosions are usually more letlial than fires (see Section 7.4). Some major fires in industrial plants liave been described in detail in tlie literauire. ... 

Elements of Explosion and Fire Accidents That could Affect Buildings... 

Planas-Cuchi, E., Montiel, H. Casal, J. 1997. A Survey of the Origin, Type and Consequences of Fire Accidents in Process Plants and in the Transportation of Hazardous Materials. Trans IChemE, Vol. 75, Part B, pp. 3-8. 

Emergency telephone numbers to be used in the event of fire, accident, flood, or hazardous chemical spillage should be displayed prominently in each laboratory. In addition, the home telephone numbers of laboratory workers and supervisors should be displayed. The appropriate person must be notified promptly in the event of an accident or emergency. 

Chemical Industries Ltd., "Study Report on the Explosion and Fire Accident in the Plastic Plant of Sakai Factory, Daicel Chemical Industries Ltd.", Fire Defence... 

Theisen J, Funcke W, Balfanz E, Konig J (1989), Chemosphere 19 423-428.. .Determination of PCDFs and PCDDs in fire accidents and laboratory combustion tests involving PVC-contai-ning materials"... 

Poiybrominated benzenes (PBBz) and poiybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) have been widely used as flame or fire retardants. The use of flame retardants is recommended or required in diverse areas such as synthetic polymers which are used in building materials, textiles, packing materials, electric applications, automobile manufacturing etc. to protect the public from fire accidents [247,248]. PBBs were introduced as flame retardants in the early 1970s. In Japan e.g. the aimual con-... 

Salvaged products are those products that have been subjected to improper storage conditions including extremes in temperature, humidity, smoke, fumes, pressure, age or radiation due to natural disasters, fires, accidents or equipment failure, but which may be reprocessing or recovered following laboratory investigation that they still meet the approved specifications. 

Directive) industrial/occupational users are entitled to recdve additional infoimation via Safety Data Sheets (SDSs). SDSs provide the user with basic information on the physical-chemical and toxicological properties of a substance / preparation as well as infoimation on how to handle, use, transport and di ose of the chemicals in a safe way at enterprise level. In addition, information on first aid measures in case of fire, accidents or other emergencies has to be provided. 

Alarm plan. The alarm plan should be posted at the entrance of the store and in the staff room. It should contain details of what workers should do in case of fire, accident, or product leakage (see Fig. 6.78). 

Device Failure. Every physical system has a finite life span or can be physically compromised. Mechanical or other failures of high-speed disk drives, memory, tape nnits, processors or other system components can arise from long-term wear or physical assault (fire, accident, flood, contamination, and so on). The probability of these events increases with time. Some of them (e.g., fire) are not directly related to continued operability, but others (e.g., component wear) are. 

ESCAPE ROUTE DURING MINE FIRE ACCIDENTS... 

Coal mine working environment cause the hidden trouble of the combustion is more, and mean to operate near the melted metal (Gao et al. 2011). In addition, there are many flammable and explosive substances, in a flash fire accident in which has the function of flame retardant protective clothing, can protect the body from damage within a certain amount of time. 

In this section, the following three problems are analyzed (1) how men collect information and perceive fire accident to happen (2) after perceiving fire, how men judge and confirm the imminent... 

In public places like terminal, for most of the people in fire accident, the measure at their first response is to escape from the building or run away after giving warning, instead of helping to fight fire, because they think full-time security guards... 

The article select 100 coal mine accident cases from all the accidents happened in 2001-2009 according to the reason type of coal mine accidents, including mine roof accident, gas accident, water disaster accident, transportation accident, mechanical and electrical accident, explosion accident, fire accident and other accidents. Though analysis the accidents process, acquainting accident investigation and handling, the accident reasons were found out. The reason of coal mine accidents in our country mainly includes the following four areas ... 

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