Mine fires

U.S. Bureau of Mines, Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids, Schedule 30, Dec. 11, 1959 Eactory Mutual Research Approved Standard Eess Ha ardous... 

Gruben-abfaU, m. mine waste, -bau, m. mine digging, imdergroimd working- -betrieb, m. mining, -brand, m. mine fire, -dampf, m. choke damp. 

Steve Kroll-Smitb studies people affected by dangerous or extreme environments. More specifically, he s interested in how people cope when, due to lack of information and support, they are left to their own devices to understand and respond to environmental crises. He has studied people who live in Super Fund communities residents of Centralia, Pennsylvania, a town where a mine fire raged underground and people with multiple chemical sensitivities. 

Coal Mine Fires. Fires in coal mines are particularly dangerous not only because a naked flame may ignite firedamp (or coal dust) and initiate an expln, but also because coal itself provides a virtually unexhaustible supply of fuel. Every precaution should be taken to prevent such fires and the use of combustible materials in mines should be avoided. As an example of fire caused by a combustible article, may be cited the disastrous fire in 1950 at Creswell Mine, England, responsible for the death of 80 people. It was caused by flammable rubber conveyer belting. To prevent a repetition of such disaster, the British National Coal Board ordered replacement of all underground rubber belting by non-flammable polyvinyl chloride belting... 

CA 34, 3091 (1940) (Explosibility of 22 Coal dusts contg 8 to 31% volatile matter) M)W. Gassmann, Gliickauf 79, 369 77 (1943) (A review of firedamp explns caused in recent years by blasting in Dortmund mines) N)G.S.Scott, USBurMines Bull 455 (1944) CA 38, 6072 (1944) (Anthracite mine fires their behavior control) 0)A.van Tiggelen, Bull Belg 55, 202-44 (1946) CA 41, 4363 (1947) (Plate... 

E. Hussak, G. Florence, J. A. Antipoff, G. P. Merrill, W. Tassin, etc. H. E. Torne-bohm reported schreibersite in the terrestrial iron of Ovifak, although E. Cohen could not find it there G. vom Rath reported rhabdite in some pig-iron. A. Faye, E. Jannettaz, J. Gamier, and A. Daubree discussed the synthesis of these phosphides. E. Mallard identified the iron phosphide he obtained as the result of a coal-mine fire —vide supra—with rhabdite. G. Tschermak, J. L. Smith, E. Cohen, and E. Cohen and E. Weinschenk showed that dyslytite, schreibersite, and rhabdite are probably the same thing indeed, G. Tschermak found transition forms between acicular and foliated crystals—i.e. between schreibersite and rhabdite—in the meteorite of Braunau. 

Methane. (Marsh Gas, Fire Damp), Methan, Sumpfgas, or Grubengas (Ger) Methane or Grisou (Fr) Metan (Russ) CH4 mw 16.04 a colorl, odorless, and tasteless gas mp —182.5°, bp —161.5°, crit temp —82.1°, crit p 672 psi (Ref 1) CA Registry No 74-82-8 Occurrence. It is the chief constituent of natural gas, which is from 60—98% methane. It occurs to some extent in all coal mines where mixts with air are called by the miners fire damp as it is the cause of almost all coal mine fires and explns (Ref 3). It also occurs in the gases evolved when organic matter decomposes anaerobically as in the bottoms of swamps and marshes, hence the name marsh gas ... 

Orpiment and realgar can form under a wide variety of conditions that include hydrothermal mineralization, hot spring environments, mine fire sublimates, and fumarohc encrastations. 

The first demand was met by exclusion of reference to quantities measured in the laboratory (heating microscope temperatures, viscosity measurements). These values were replaced by evaluation of the performance in operating boilers and results from pilot scale combustors. The tendencies used in this paper have been determined predominantly from the different behavior of coals from various mines fired in the same steam generators based on the opinions of experts. 

The second problem is the slow collapse of the underground tunnels. This collapse destroys anything located above the old mine. In the State of Pennsylvania, people have been driven from their homes and towns by the combined effects of mine fires and tunnel collapse. Farmland has been rendered useless. The coal mining regions of England and Europe have severe problems with mine collapse. 

Solid Wastes Waste Lagoons River Infiltration Mine Fire... 

Mallet, L., Vaught, C., and Bmich, M. J., Jr. (1993), Sodotechnical Communication in an Underground Mine Fire A Study of Warning Messages During an Emergency Evacuation, Safety Science, Vol. 16, pp. 709-728. 

Mine fire generally occurs in deep area where has a certain distance from coal exposed surface. 

Qin Botao, Wang Deming. Present Situation and Development of Mine Fire Control Technology [J]. China Safety Sdcnce Journal, 2007, 17(12) 80-85. 

Research on the performance of foam agent used for mine fire prevention... 

Chen Zuzhang Zhao Qingming. Application of Three-phase Foam in Mine Fire Prevention[J], Coal Mine Modernization, 2010, 3 26-28. 

The results show that CO concentration and gas temperature decrease with injection time increased. The two indications reduced to the fire zone extinction standard of coal mine safety regulation within 4 to 5 days. That is to say air temperature of detection zone decreased to below 30°C, the oxygen concentration is reduced to below 5%, the concentration of carbon monoxide reduced to below 0.001%. Injecting FR-1 polymer liquid foam inhibitor played a significant role in eliminating the high temperature point and preventing coal mine fire. 

Wang, X.S. Zhang, G.S. 1990. Mine fire prevention. Xuzhou China University of Mining and Technology Press, 27-30. 

On the best eseape route with multiple optimization objectives during mine fire time... 

The mine fire escape routes discussed in this article sometimes need to consider a number of... 

ESCAPE ROUTE DURING MINE FIRE ACCIDENTS... 

Establishment of optimization model of rescue routes for mine fire emergencies... 

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