Fibre continued textile

POFs can also emit light without indentation of the surface fibre or cladding (Figure 8.2). Bending the fibre continuously at a certain rate causes the whole fibre to appear as light emitting. This alternative fits truly for textile construction, hence this option was chosen for this project. 

Selection of high performance fibres and textiles is often determined in the first instance by the expected service conditions in terms of continuous and... 

Polyamide 6 can be produced both by batch or continuous polymerisation. Batch polymerisation is preferably used for changing polymer formulations with a wide range of molecular weight, mostly compounding grades. Continuous polymerisation reactors - VK columns (Vereinfacht Kontinuierlich) - have a lower range of product mix but higher productivity and are, i.e. used for the production of textile or industrial fibres. Continuous processes can be operated with one or two reactors in series. 

Nonwovens are structures of textile materials, such as fibres, continuous filaments, or chopped yarns of any nature or origin, that have been formed into webs by any means, and bonded together by any means, excluding the interlacing of yams as in woven fabric, knitted fabric, laces, braided fabric or tufted fabric. 

Cellulose may be solubilised by treatment with sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide. It can be regenerated by acidification of the solution. This is the basis of the production of regenerated cellulose fibre, so-called viscose rayon , which is a major textile fibre. The technique is also used for the production of continuous cellulose-derived film, so-called cellophane (from cellulose and diaphane , the latter being French for transparent). 

In the manufacture of man-made and synthetic textiles the base materials are extruded through tiny orifices producing continuous lengths of very fine fibres or filaments. The textiles are mostly used in this continuous filament form, but for some purposes the filaments may be cut up into short fibres and spun into a yam. 

A fine wire or thread. In textile technology the fine thread formed at the spinnerettes in the manufacture of synthetic and man-made fibres. See Continuous Filament. 

A fabric made by uniting a mass of staple fibres into a continuous sheet by using the adhesive properties of a bonding agent, usually rubber latex, either natural or synthetic. In textile technology the term is applied to fabrics which are not woven, such as felted fabrics. Non-woven fabrics are now being termed bonded fabrics. 

These are defined as anionic dyes with substantivity for cellulosic fibres applied from an aqueous dyebath containing an electrolyte. The forces that operate between a direct dye and cellulose include hydrogen bonding, dipolar forces and non-specific hydrophobic interaction, depending on the chemical structure and polarity of the dye. Apparently multiple attachments are important, since linearity and coplanarity of molecular structure seem to be desirable features (section 3.2.1). The sorption process is reversible and numerous attempts have been made to minimise desorption by suitable aftertreatments (section 10.9.5). The two most significant non-textile outlets for direct dyes are the batchwise dyeing of leather and the continuous coloration of paper. 

Technical advantage/function Basalt rock wool is used for noise insulation in automotive exhaust units for the purposes of noise absorption. Vital technical requirements are temperature resistance, noise absorption behaviour, corrosion resistance and mechanical stability. Now textile continuous glass fibres and biosoluble mineral wools are also used for this application in exhaust units. 

Despite the general move towards use of fossil hydrocarbon feedstocks, some plant-derived materials have continued to provide economic or technical benefits that ensure they remain the preferred source of raw materials for industry. For example, cotton still accounts for 38% of all textile production due to its airflow- and temperature-regulating capabilities, which are difficult or costly to replicate with man-made fibres. Linseed oil remains a key feedstock in surface coating and linoleum flooring applications. Plant oils are still widely used in the oleochemicals sector, where coconut and palm oils are widely used in detergent... 

Research into controlled-release antimicrobials continues with organo-silver compounds and silver zeolites, which are promising candidates for textile finishes. Silver ions, for example, incorporated in glass ceramic, have a very low toxicity profile and excellent heat stability. These principles are also used for fibre modification, an alternative to the antimicrobial finishes with high permanence. In recent years a variety of antimicrobial modified fibres have been developed, including polyester, nylon, polypropylene and acrylic types. An example of these fibre modifications is the incorporation of 0.5-2 % of organic nitro compounds... 

Vinyon N is a continuous-filament yarn and Dynel is a staple fibre both are copolymers composed of 60 per cent vinyl chloride and 40 per cent acrylonitrile. These fibres are considerably more stable towards heat commencing to shrink at 116°C, and softening in the region of 130°C when shrinkage becomes marked. Dynel finds textile application because it has adequate stability towards heat, an extremely soft handle and is cheaper than the acrylics. 

Oiling The fibre is repeatedly treated with Toumant oil (rancid olive oil). The oil has to be fixed so the textile is dried between the various oiling steps. In 1872 this procedure was optimised by the introduction of a new oil and a continuous drying process. The new oil known as Turkish red oil consisted of castor oil made soluble in water by sulphonation with sulphuric acid [13,20] Before the oiling step the cloth was steamed under an overpressure of 0.5-2 atm for a couple of hours [20]. There is no widely accepted explanation available why an oiling step improves the colour of the dyed textile [13,20]. 

ISO 1888. 1979 Textile glass Determination of the average diameter of staple fibres, or continuous filaments constituting a textile glass yarn—Cross section method. 

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