Technical advantages

The electrorefining of many metals can be carried out using molten salt electrolytes, but these processes are usually expensive and have found Httie commercial use in spite of possible technical advantages. The only appHcation on an industrial scale is the electrorefining of aluminum by the three-layer process. The density of the molten salt electrolyte is adjusted so that a pure molten aluminum cathode floats on the electrolyte, which in turn floats on the impure anode consisting of a molten copper—aluminum alloy. The process is used to manufacture high purity aluminum. 

Mag netic Tapes. Chromium dioxide, Cr02, is used as a ferromagnetic material in high fidelity magnetic tapes (qv). Chromium dioxide has several technical advantages over the magnetic iron oxides generally used (58,246). 

If such fasteners are stove-enamelled (which is normally not done), the trapped hydrogen is removed automatically while being stoved. Since the fasteners are used only for the assembly of switchgear or busbar systems, they are used at room temperature only. Therefore, if they are electroplated, they must be tampered, which is time consuming and adds to the cost of production. Moreover this has no technical advantage. The HT hardware must therefore be used as they are. When it is absolutely necessary to electroplate them, tampering will be essential. 

Because of the increased shedding with these alloys, pure leaf separation is hardly suitable. Separations with supporting glass mats or fleeces as well as microfiber glass mats provide technical advantages, but are expensive and can be justified only in special cases. Also under these conditions of use the microporous polyethylene pocket offers the preferred solution [40]. Lower electrical properties at higher temperatures, especially decreased cold crank duration, are battery-related the choice of suitable alloys and expanders gains increased importance. 

The dilated van Laar model is readily generalized to the multicomponent case, as discussed in detail elsewhere (C3, C4). The important technical advantage of the generalization is that it permits good estimates to be made of multicomponent phase behavior using only experimental data obtained for binary systems. For example, Fig. 14 presents a comparison of calculated and observed -factors for the methane-propane-n-pentane system at conditions close to the critical.7... 

The technical advantages of the chemical recycling of PETP bottles are discussed, and some developments in depolymerisation processes are examined. Particular attention is paid to glycolysis, hydrolysis and solvolysis processes respectively developed by TBl, Tredi and Eastman Chemical. 

There are a number of particular technical advantages associated with the formation of coloured metal complexes. Commonly, the transition metal complexes of a coloured organic ligand exhibit lightfastness which is significantly better than that of the free ligand. An explanation that has been offered for this effect is that coordination with a transition metal ion... 

Stripping has the technical advantage that the expensive rhodium catalyst remains in the reactor and the disadvantage that the least volatile component (acetic acid) has the lowest concentration of all components in the gas removed by stripping. Distillation as a separation method has the advantage that acetic acid is the most abundant component in the liquid, but now rhodium will be circulated in the system and will remain in the bottom of the distillation unit and it should not precipitate anywhere ... 

Of course, the multiple technical advantages that hydrogen has compared to other storage alternatives fade away if a successful commercial strategy doesn t take place. 

As already seen, the use of mineral fillers not only has economic advantages but also technical advantages (see Table 3.21 showing the performance indices of mineral-filled polyamide) such as ... 

The DMFC, based on a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), uses methanol directly for electric power generation and promises technical advantages for power trains. The fuel can be delivered to the fuel cell in a gaseous or liquid form. The actual power densities of a DMFC are clearly lower than those of a conventional hydrogen-fed polymer electrolyte fuel cell. In addition, methanol permeates through the electrolyte and oxidizes at the cathode. This results in a mixed potential at the cathode (Hohlein et al., 2000). 

Technical advantage/function What technical (social or aesthetic) function is to be achieved (advantage of examined substanee, preparation or proeess) Summary of existing devised (as far as these are known) and diffused socio-technical options, which perform the desired funetion. Deseription of how the hazardous substance performs this function and what other aspeets play a role in its application (e.g. process integration, disposal). Brief list of options to perform this function that are generally available from a teohnieal aspect. 

Technical advantage/function flexible properties for poiymers like PVC... 

Technical advantage/function Basalt rock wool is used for noise insulation in automotive exhaust units for the purposes of noise absorption. Vital technical requirements are temperature resistance, noise absorption behaviour, corrosion resistance and mechanical stability. Now textile continuous glass fibres and biosoluble mineral wools are also used for this application in exhaust units. 

Technical advantage/fimction Ceramic fibres are used in automotive catalytic converters as bearing and adjustment materials for the catalytic converter (monolith), where the chemical reactions for exhaust cleaning take place. They are also used for thermal and acoustic insulation. Series-tested ceramic fibre substitutes for converter-specific usage conditions are not yet available... 

---