Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Fermentation laboratory techniques

The measurement of compounds in bioprocesses, including fermentations, using conventional laboratory techniques such as HPLC, TLC or calorimetric assays is often tedious, invasive, requires sample handling and difficult to do in real time. For a bioprocess where it is important to gain information about the reactor status for feedback control, methods enabling rapid and reliable measurement of components are desirable. [Pg.87]

Rapid quantification of products and substrates in a fermentation process is essential for process development and optimization. Most fermentation laboratories have access to HPLC equipment with possibilities to couple them to quite inexpensive diode-array-detectors, and this equipment could be used for quantitative monitoring of the process. Because HPLC can allow multi-component analyses, i.e., several analytes in the same sample can be determined virtually simultaneously, and since it is often necessary to monitor more than one substance at a time, this technique is an important tool for bioprocess monitoring. HPLC coupled to expensive MS does not represent standard equipment at fermentation laboratories. Even if mass spectrometers are available, DAD is often sufficient for quantification because product concentrations are relatively high, so the MS could be used for other issues. In paper II the goal was to develop and validate a method for analytical quantification of both the product and the substrate to enable the proper characterization of the kinetics of the process i.e., the determination of the values of substrate conversion and product formation. [Pg.21]

After the culture is grown, the flask (fitted with a hose and tank coupling device) is used to inoculate the seed fermenter. However, some transfer the culture from the seed flask to a sterile metal container (in the laboratory) which has a special attachment for the seed fermenter. This technique is usually abandoned in time. Ingenuity for the minimum transfers in the simplest manner will usually give the best results. [Pg.69]

This chapter has four sections that focus on laboratory-scale capture steps solids removal, solvent extraction, solid phase adsorption, and expanded bed adsorption. Although these techniques are widely applicable, most of this chapter is aimed at extraction of microbial fermentation broth. Techniques specific to initial extraction of plants and marine organisms can be found in Chapters 12 and 13, respectively. The first section describes laboratory-scale procedures for batch filtration and centrifugation. The second section describes solvent-extraction procedures with either water-miscible or -immiscible solvents. The third section describes using adsorbents for solid-phase extraction. The fourth section describes a technique known as expanded bed adsorption, which is unique in that it enables resin-column recovery of product directly from unclarified fermentation broth. [Pg.53]

Many classic agents can be mass-produced in a short time using very basic laboratory techniques. Large fermenters may not be necessary if a small amount of agent is all that is required. [Pg.684]

The reason for the success of these programs lies in the early experience of undergraduate students at their home institutions. Research participation coupled with motivation from their mentors helps these students to decide their career direction and their relative capabilities for discovery. They begin their industrial experience well prepared in laboratory techniques and with instrumentation, and questions that have fermented in their minds about relevance and opportunities -... [Pg.25]

Flash chromatography is widely employed for the purification of crude products obtained by synthesis at a research laboratory scale (several grams) or isolated as extracts from natural products or fermentations. The solid support is based on silica gel, and the mobile phase is usually a mixture of a hydrocarbon, such as hexane or heptane, with an organic modifier, e.g. ethyl acetate, driven by low pressure air. (Recently the comparison of flash chromatography with countercurrent chromatography (CCC), a technique particularly adapted to preparative purposes, has been studied for the separation of nonchiral compounds [90].)... [Pg.7]

The most widespread biological application of three-phase fluidization at a commercial scale is in wastewater treatment. Several large scale applications exist for fermentation processes, as well, and, recently, applications in cell culture have been developed. Each of these areas have particular features that make three-phase fluidization particularly well-suited for them Wastewater Treatment. As can be seen in Tables 14a to 14d, numerous examples of the application of three-phase fluidization to waste-water treatment exist. Laboratory studies in the 1970 s were followed by large scale commercial units in the early 1980 s, with aerobic applications preceding anaerobic systems (Heijnen et al., 1989). The technique is well accepted as a viable tool for wastewater treatment for municipal sewage, food process waste streams, and other industrial effluents. Though pure cultures known to degrade a particular waste component are occasionally used (Sreekrishnan et al., 1991 Austermann-Haun et al., 1994 Lazarova et al., 1994), most applications use a mixed culture enriched from a similar waste stream or treatment facility or no inoculation at all (Sanz and Fdez-Polanco, 1990). [Pg.629]

Bioanalytical laboratories provide support for most of the activities at the biopharmaceutical company. They are responsible for characterizing the molecules in development, establishing and performing assays that aid in the optimization and reproducibility of the purification schemes, and optimizing the conditions for fermentation or cell culture, including product yields. Some of the characterization techniques will eventually be used in quality control to establish the purity, potency, and identity of the final formulation. [Pg.8]

Carsten Jacobsen (Novo Nordisk) presented results on protein crystallization in preclarified, concentrated fermentation broths. In particular, the impact of filtration rate on the formation of favorable large diamond versus rod shapes was examined. By adding seed crystals just above the solubility curve, where no nucleation occurred, the authors were able to produce 30% larger crystals as compared to an unseeded crystallization. Although there was minimal recovery and characterization data, this technique may prove very beneficial for dealing with difficult feed streams. While the work presented in this talk was done at the laboratory scale, scale-up experiments will be required to confirm the suitability of this approach for industrial process applications. [Pg.701]

Analysts usually have two principal objectives, the first of these being an exploratory method which enables spectra to be classified into pre-defined families of compounds. Such a tool enables the sample to be identified as a must, a must in fermentation, a dry wine, a liqueur wine or a naturally sweet wine. The second objective involves a quantitative approach which enables the attribution of analytical values or indices particular to the wine or must on the basis of the previously acquired reference data (calibration). It is above all this second approach which is used by analytical laboratories where is possible to replace classical analytical techniques by FTIR. [Pg.669]

HPLC coupled to DAD or to MS, for identification and/or quantification is today an established method in the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally in the fermentation field this technique has great potential for the same issues. In this thesis I have developed HPLC-DAD and MS methods that can be used in analyzing fermentation liquids, so that hopefully, more and more laboratories will begin to use these methods and validation guidelines. [Pg.75]

Apart from continuous sterilizers, pumps are a minor concern in the fermentation department. A simple way to transfer inoculum from a large laboratory flask to a seed fermenter, without removing the back pressure on the vessel, is to use a peristaltic pump. Connect the sterile adapter (which is attached to the flask) to the seed fermenter by sterile technique. Install the gum rubber tubing in the pump, open the hose clamp and start the pump. [Pg.78]

The first of the separation techniques to be used in process measurement was gas chromatography (GC) in 1954. The GC has always been a robust instrument and this aided its transfer to the process environment. The differences between laboratory GC and process GC instruments are important. With process GC, the sample is transferred directly from the process stream to the instrument. Instead of an inlet septum, process GC has a valve, which is critical for repetitively and reproducibly transferring a precise volume of sample into the volatiliser and thence into the carrier gas. This valve is also used to intermittently introduce a reference sample for calibration purposes. Instead of one column and a temperature ramp, the set up involves many columns under isothermal conditions. The more usual column types are open tubular, as these are efficient and analysis is more rapid than with packed columns. A pre-column is often used to trap unwanted contaminants, e.g. water, and it is backflushed while the rest of the sample is sent on to the analysis column. The universal detector - thermal conductivity detector (TCD)-is most often used in process GC but also popular are the FID, PID, ECD, FPD and of course MS. Process GC is used extensively in the petroleum industry, in environmental analysis of air and water samples" and in the chemical industry with the incorporation of sample extraction or preparation on-line. It is also applied for on-line monitoring of volatile products during fermentation processes" ... [Pg.243]


See other pages where Fermentation laboratory techniques is mentioned: [Pg.928]    [Pg.82]    [Pg.179]    [Pg.154]    [Pg.241]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.296]    [Pg.607]    [Pg.231]    [Pg.261]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.66]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.547]    [Pg.212]    [Pg.175]    [Pg.649]    [Pg.159]    [Pg.225]    [Pg.16]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.362]    [Pg.117]    [Pg.35]    [Pg.261]    [Pg.22]    [Pg.68]    [Pg.470]    [Pg.413]    [Pg.46]    [Pg.51]    [Pg.148]    [Pg.294]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.216]   


SEARCH



Laboratory fermenters

Laboratory techniques

© 2024 chempedia.info