Feline

P. A. Anderson, Signficance of Indispensable Mmino A.cids, Choline, and Taurine in Feline Nutrition, Ph.D. dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1979. 

Another injectable anesthetic widely used in feline and primate practice is ketamine hydrochloride [1867-66-9]. Ketamine, a derivative of phencychdine, can be chemically classified as a cyclohexamine and pharmacologically as a dissociative agent. Analgesia is produced along with a state that resembles anesthesia but in humans has been associated with hallucinations and confusion. For these reasons, ketamine is often combined with a tranquilizer. The product is safe when used in accordance with label directions, but the recovery period may be as long as 12—24 h. 

Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine [106941-25-7] (PMEA, 65) (173), synthesized in 1987 (174), is foremost among the acycHc nucleoside analogues proven to be effective inhibitors of HIV-1 repHcation. The in vitro potency and selectivity of PMEA is comparable to the antiHIV-1 potency and selectivity of 2, 3 -dideoxy-adenosine (175). Although less potent than AZT in vitro PMEA, CgH22N 04P, is markedly more potent than AZT as an in vivo inhibitor of retrovims repHcation (176). In fact, PMEA has proven efficacious in the treatment of murine, feline, and simian retrovims infections in mice, cats, and monkeys, respectively. 

To circumvent this problem, vectors that are based on lentiviruses have been developed. In contrast to prototypic retroviruses, lentiviruses do not require cell division for integration. Gene-therapy vectors have been developed from a broad spectrum of lentiviruses including human immunodeficiency vims (HIV), simian and feline immunodeficiency vims as well as visna/maedi vims. The most widely used lentiviral vector system is based on HIV-1. These vectors can efficiently transduce a broad spectrum of dividing and nondividing cells including neurons, hepatocytes, muscle cells, and hematopoietic stem cells [1,2]. 

GL20 Anthelmintics feline Efficacy of anthelmintics specific recommendations for feline... 

Pietsch, S.J., Hobson, K.A., Wassenaar, L.I., Tiitken, T. (2011). Tracking Cats Problems with Placing Feline Carnivores on 8i 0, 8D Isoscapes. Public Library of Science, ONE Vol. 6, No. 9, e24601. 

Johnston JB, SUva C, Power C (2002) Envelope gene-mediated neurovirulence in feline immunodeficiency virus infection induction of matrix metalloproteinases and neuronal injury. J Virol 76 2622-2633... 

Kubes, P. (1992). Nitric oxide modulates epithelial permeability in the feline small intestine. Gastroenterology 102, A219. 

Kubes, P., Hunter, J. and Granger, D.N. (1992). Ischaemia/reperfiision-induced feline intestinal dysfunction importance of granulocyte recruitment. Gastroenterology 103, 807-812. 

NoV are readily transferred from hands to fomites and vice versa (Bidawid et al., 2004 D Souza et al., 2006). The pronoimced environmental stability of NoV particles also contributes to the spread of outbreaks from point sources of surface contamination. All stability studies have made use of surrogate organisms to model NoV response to conditions, since the human virus is not easily grown in cell culture (Duizer et al., 2004b Straub et al., 2007). The murine norovirus (MNV) and the feline calicivirus (FCV) have both been used, with the mouse virus providing more... 

Bae, J. and Schwab, K. J. (2008). Evaluation of murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, poliovirus, and MS2 as surrogates for human norovirus in a model of viral persistence in surface water and groundwater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 477- 84. 

Bidawid, S., Malik, N., Adegbunrin, O., Sattar, S. A., and Farber, J. M. (2004). Norovirus cross-contamination during food handling and interruption of virus transfer by hand antisepsis Experiments with feline calicivirus as a surrogate. J. Food Prot. 67,103-109. 

Buckow, R., Isbarn, S., Knorr, D., Heinz, V., and Lehmacher, A. (2008). Predictive model for inactivation of feline calidvirus, a norovirus surrogate, by heat and high hydrostatic pressure. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74,1030-1038. 

Carmon, J. L., Papafragkou, E., Park, G. W., Osborne, J., Jaykus, L. A., and Vinje, J. (2006). Surrogates for the study of norovirus stability and inactivation in the environment A comparison of murine norovirus and feline calidvirus. J. Food Prot. 69, 2761-2765. 

Chen, H., Hoover, D. G., and Kingsley, D. H. (2005). Temperature and treatment time influence high hydrostatic pressure inactivation of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. /. Food Prot. 68, 2389-2394. 

D Souza, D. H. and Su, X. (2010). Efficacy of chemical treatments against murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, and MS2 bacteriophage. Foodbome Pathog. Dis. 7, 319-326. 

Fino, V. R. and Kniel, K. E. (2008). UV light inactivation of hepatitis A virus, Aichi virus, and feline calicivirus on strawberries, green onions, and lettuce. /. Food Prot. 71, 908-913. 

Jimenez, L. and Chiang, M. (2006). Virucidal activity of a quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant against feline calicivirus A surrogate for norovirus. Am. J. Infect. Control 34, 269-273. 

Lages, S. L., Ramakrishnan, M. A., and Goyal, S. M. (2008). In-vivo efficacy of hand sanitisers against feline calicivirus A surrogate for norovirus. /. FIosp. Infect. 68,159-163. 

Malik, Y. S. and Goyal, S. M. (2006). Virucidal efficacy of sodium bicarbonate on a food contact surface against feline caUcivirus, a norovirus surrogate. Int. ]. Food Microbiol. 109, 160-163. 

Poschetto, L. F., Ike, A., Papp, T., Mohn, U., Bohm, R., and Marschang, R. E. (2007). Comparison of the sensitivities of noroviruses and feline calicivirus to chemical disinfection under field-like conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73,5494—5500. 

Solomon, E. B., Fino, V., Wei, J., and Kniel, K. E. (2009). Comparative susceptibilities of hepatitis A virus, feline calicivirus, bacteriophage MS2 and bacteriophage PhiX-174 to inactivation by quaternary ammonium and oxidative disinfectants. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 33, 288-289. 

Thurston-Iinriquez, J. A., Haas, C. N., Jacangelo, J., and Gerba, C. P. (2003a). Chlorine inactivation of adenovirus type 40 and feline calicivirus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 3979-3985. 

Urakami, H., Ikarashi, K., Okamoto, K., Abe, Y., Ikarashi, T., Kono, T., Konagaya, Y., and Tanaka, N. (2007). Chlorine sensitivity of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 5679-5682. 

Whitehead, K. and McCue, K. A. (2010). Virucidal efficacy of disinfectant actives against feline calicivirus, a surrogate for norovirus, in a short contact time. Am. J. Infect. Control 38, 26-30. 

Zoni, R., Zanelli, R., Riboldi, E., Bigliardi, L., and Sansebastiano, G. (2007). Investigation on virucidal activity of chlorine dioxide. Experimental data on feline calicivirus, HAV and Coxsackie B5. J. Prev. Med. Hyg. 48, 91-95. 

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