Feline calicivirus

NoV are readily transferred from hands to fomites and vice versa (Bidawid et al., 2004 D Souza et al., 2006). The pronoimced environmental stability of NoV particles also contributes to the spread of outbreaks from point sources of surface contamination. All stability studies have made use of surrogate organisms to model NoV response to conditions, since the human virus is not easily grown in cell culture (Duizer et al., 2004b Straub et al., 2007). The murine norovirus (MNV) and the feline calicivirus (FCV) have both been used, with the mouse virus providing more... 

Bae, J. and Schwab, K. J. (2008). Evaluation of murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, poliovirus, and MS2 as surrogates for human norovirus in a model of viral persistence in surface water and groundwater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 477- 84. 

Bidawid, S., Malik, N., Adegbunrin, O., Sattar, S. A., and Farber, J. M. (2004). Norovirus cross-contamination during food handling and interruption of virus transfer by hand antisepsis Experiments with feline calicivirus as a surrogate. J. Food Prot. 67,103-109. 

Chen, H., Hoover, D. G., and Kingsley, D. H. (2005). Temperature and treatment time influence high hydrostatic pressure inactivation of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. /. Food Prot. 68, 2389-2394. 

D Souza, D. H. and Su, X. (2010). Efficacy of chemical treatments against murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, and MS2 bacteriophage. Foodbome Pathog. Dis. 7, 319-326. 

Fino, V. R. and Kniel, K. E. (2008). UV light inactivation of hepatitis A virus, Aichi virus, and feline calicivirus on strawberries, green onions, and lettuce. /. Food Prot. 71, 908-913. 

Jimenez, L. and Chiang, M. (2006). Virucidal activity of a quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant against feline calicivirus A surrogate for norovirus. Am. J. Infect. Control 34, 269-273. 

Lages, S. L., Ramakrishnan, M. A., and Goyal, S. M. (2008). In-vivo efficacy of hand sanitisers against feline calicivirus A surrogate for norovirus. /. FIosp. Infect. 68,159-163. 

Malik, Y. S., Maherchandani, S., and Goyal, S. M. (2006b). Comparative efficacy of ethanol and isopropanol against feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. Am.. Infect. Control 34, 31-35. 

Poschetto, L. F., Ike, A., Papp, T., Mohn, U., Bohm, R., and Marschang, R. E. (2007). Comparison of the sensitivities of noroviruses and feline calicivirus to chemical disinfection under field-like conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73,5494—5500. 

Solomon, E. B., Fino, V., Wei, J., and Kniel, K. E. (2009). Comparative susceptibilities of hepatitis A virus, feline calicivirus, bacteriophage MS2 and bacteriophage PhiX-174 to inactivation by quaternary ammonium and oxidative disinfectants. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 33, 288-289. 

Thurston-Iinriquez, J. A., Haas, C. N., Jacangelo, J., and Gerba, C. P. (2003a). Chlorine inactivation of adenovirus type 40 and feline calicivirus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69, 3979-3985. 

Urakami, H., Ikarashi, K., Okamoto, K., Abe, Y., Ikarashi, T., Kono, T., Konagaya, Y., and Tanaka, N. (2007). Chlorine sensitivity of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 5679-5682. 

Whitehead, K. and McCue, K. A. (2010). Virucidal efficacy of disinfectant actives against feline calicivirus, a surrogate for norovirus, in a short contact time. Am. J. Infect. Control 38, 26-30. 

Zoni, R., Zanelli, R., Riboldi, E., Bigliardi, L., and Sansebastiano, G. (2007). Investigation on virucidal activity of chlorine dioxide. Experimental data on feline calicivirus, HAV and Coxsackie B5. J. Prev. Med. Hyg. 48, 91-95. 

Silver ions Casting Activity against Salmonella and feline calicivirus 34... 

SH- groups (Bao et al. 2001). Insect nuclear polyhedrosis virus (Bao et al. 2001), parapoxviruses (Alexander 2008) and respiratory syncytial virus (Shanmukh et al. 2008) were studied. Higher sensitivity and selectivity were obtained by a combination of AFM and SERS in a study of nm-sized feline caliciviruses (Porter et al. 2006) and by TERS in the case of single tobacco mosaic vims at a molecular level (Cialla et al. 2009). 

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