Murine norovirus

NoV are readily transferred from hands to fomites and vice versa (Bidawid et al., 2004 D Souza et al., 2006). The pronoimced environmental stability of NoV particles also contributes to the spread of outbreaks from point sources of surface contamination. All stability studies have made use of surrogate organisms to model NoV response to conditions, since the human virus is not easily grown in cell culture (Duizer et al., 2004b Straub et al., 2007). The murine norovirus (MNV) and the feline calicivirus (FCV) have both been used, with the mouse virus providing more... 

Bae, J. and Schwab, K. J. (2008). Evaluation of murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, poliovirus, and MS2 as surrogates for human norovirus in a model of viral persistence in surface water and groundwater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 477- 84. 

Baert, L., Uyttendaele, M., Van Coillie, E., and Debevere, J. (2008a). The reduction of murine norovirus 1, B. fragilis HSP40 infecting phage B40-8 and E. coli after a mild thermal pasteurization process of raspberry puree. Food Microbiol. 25, 871-874. 

Belliot, G., Lavaux, A., Souihel, D., Agnello, D., and Pothier, P. (2008). Use of murine norovirus as a surrogate to evaluate resistance of human norovirus to disinfectants. 

Carmon, J. L., Papafragkou, E., Park, G. W., Osborne, J., Jaykus, L. A., and Vinje, J. (2006). Surrogates for the study of norovirus stability and inactivation in the environment A comparison of murine norovirus and feline calidvirus. J. Food Prot. 69, 2761-2765. 

Cromeans, T. L., Kahler, A. M., and Hill, V. R. (2010). Inactivation of adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and murine norovirus in water by free chlorine and monochloramine. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76,1028-1033. 

D Souza, D. H. and Su, X. (2010). Efficacy of chemical treatments against murine norovirus, feline calicivirus, and MS2 bacteriophage. Foodbome Pathog. Dis. 7, 319-326. 

Hewitt, J., Rivera-Aban, M., and Greening, G. E. (2009). Evaluation of murine norovirus as a surrogate for human norovirus and hepatitis A virus in heat inactivation studies. J. Appl. Microbiol. 107, 65-71. 

Kitajima, M., Tohya, Y., Matsubara, K., Haramoto, E., Utagawa, E., and Katayama, H. (2010). Chlorine inactivation of human norovirus, murine norovirus and poliovirus in drinking water. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 51,119-121. 

Magulski, T., Pauhnann, D., Bischoff, B., Becker, B., Steinmann, E., Steinmann, J., Goroncy-Bermes, P., and Steinmann, J. (2009). Inactivation of murine norovirus by chemical biocides on stainless steel. BMC Infect. Dis. 9,107. 

Wei, J., Jin, Y., Sims, T., and Kniel, K. E. (2010). Manure- and biosolids-resident murine norovirus 1 attachment to and internalization by Romaine lettuce. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76,578-583. 

Li, D., Tang, Q., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Zhao, Q., and Xue, C. 2009. Effects of high-pressure processing on murine norovirus-1 in oysters Crassostrea gigas) in situ. Food Control 20 992-996. 

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